Evaluasi Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan

RISTI SUGESTI, Dr. Ir. Ronggo Sadono; Dr.rer.nat. Sena Adi Subrata, S.Hut., M.Sc

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEHUTANAN

Kawasan hutan Paliyan yang merupakan bentang alam karst Gunung Sewu mengalami degradasi dan memberikan dampak terhadap menurunnya fungsi hutan. Upaya pemulihan ekosistem dengan rehabilitasi telah dilakukan sejak tahun 2003 pada seluruh kawasan Suaka Margasatwa (SM) Paliyan. Selain pemulihan ekosistem, SM Paliyan dihadapkan pada kompleksitas pemasalahan yang saling terkait seperti rendahnya kesadartahuan masyarakat, kesejahteraan masyarakat, perbedaan kepentingan, dan gangguan manusia terhadap kawasan. Kompleksitas masalah ini menjadi penyebab ketidakoptimalan pengelolaan SM Paliyan. Untuk dapat mewujudkan kondisi ideal sebagai Suaka Margasatwa dan mencapai visi mengembalikan ekosistem sebagai habitat satwa liar, maka perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai keberlanjutannya. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi tingkat keberlanjutan pengelolaan SM Paliyan dengan menggunakan teknik statistik Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Aspek keberlanjutan yang digunakan dikelompokkan dalam 5 dimensi yaitu: ekologi, sosial, ekonomi, kelembagaan dan kerentanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data primer melalui kuisioner, wawancara, dan pengecekan lapangan, sedangkan pengumpulan data sekunder melalui penelusuran dokumen pengelolaan dan studi literatur. Penentuan responden stakeholder berdasarkan pada keterlibatannya dalam Forum Peduli Paliyan, sedangkan penentuan responden ahli berdasarkan pada keilmuan dan kewenangannya terhadap pengelolaan SM Paliyan. Penetapan dimensi dilakukan berdasarkan tatangan yang dihadapi SM Paliyan dalam mencapai tujuan pengelolaan, sedangkan penetapan atribut dilakukan melalui studi literatur dan pertimbangan pendapat narasumber. MDS dengan algortihme Rap-fish untuk Suaka Margasatwa (Rap-SM) meliputi analisis tingkat keberlanjutan, analisis kepekaan dan analisis ketidakpastian Hasil rumusan penetapan atribut keberlanjutan pengelolaan SM Paliyan adalah sebanyak 39 atribut, yaitu dimensi ekologi 9 atribut, sosial 7 atribut, ekonomi 6 atribut, kelembagaan 11 atribut, dan kerentanan 6 atribut. Hasil analisis tingkat keberlanjutan diketahui bahwa dimensi sosial memiliki nilai tertinggi, sebesar 59,79%, kemudian kelembagaan 58,49%, ekonomi 58,17%, kerentanan 58,10%, dan yang terendah ekologi 57,92%. Kelima dimensi ini masuk ke dalam kategori cukup berkelanjutan. Hasil analisis tingkat keberlanjutan pengelolaan SM Paliyan adalah sebesar 60,25% atau cukup berkelanjutan. Hasil analisis kepekaan diketahui bahwa terdapat 23 atribut yang berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan pengelolaan pengelolaan SM Paliyan yaitu: dimensi ekologi 4 atribut, sosial 5 atribut, ekonomi 4 faktor, kelembagaan 6 atribut dan kerentanan 4 atribut. Hasil analisis ketidakpastian menunjukkan bahwa metode Rap-SM Paliyan baik untuk dipergunakan sebagai alat evaluasi keberlanjutan pengelolaan SM Paliyan

The Paliyan forest area is a karst landscape of Mount Sewu has experienced degradation and has had an impact on the decline in forest function. Efforts to restore ecosystems through rehabilitation have been carried out since 2003 in all areas of the Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary (SM). In addition to ecosystem restoration, Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary is faced with a complexity of interrelated problems such as low public awareness, community welfare, differences in interests, and human interference in the area. The complexity of this problem is the cause of the non-optimal management of Paliyan (SM). In order to realize the ideal conditions as a Wildlife Sanctuary and achieve the vision of restoring the ecosystem as a habitat for wildlife, it is necessary to conduct a study on its sustainability. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of sustainability of management of Paliyan Sanctuary (SM) using the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) statistical technique. The sustainability aspects used are grouped into 5 dimensions, namely: ecological, social, economic, institutional and vulnerability. The research method used is qualitative and quantitative. Primary data collected by questionnaires, interviews and ground checks, while secondary data collected by management document searches and literature studies. Stakeholder respondents based on their involvement in the Paliyan Care Forum, while the determination of expert respondents was based on their knowledge and authority over the management of Paliyan Middle School. Dimensions were determined based on the challenges faced by Paliyan High School in achieving management objectives, while attribute determination was carried out through literature studies and consideration of sources' opinions. MDS with the Rap-fish algorithm for Wildlife Reserves (Rap-SM) includes an analysis of the level of sustainability, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysisBased on the result of attribute determination sustainability management SM Paliyan is 39 attributes, ie 9 attributes of dimensions ecological, 7 attributes of social, 6 attributes of economic, 11 attributes of institutional, and 6 attributes of vulnerability. Based on the result of sustainability analysis level every dimension showed that dimensions social has the highest score,by 59,79 %, then institutional score is 58,49 %, economic score is 58,17%, vulnerability score is 58,10 %, and the lowest ecology score is 57,92 %. Five dimensions above fall into the quite sustainable category. Based on the result showed that sustainability level analysis of SM Paliyan management is 60,25 % or quite sustainable. Based on the result of the sensitivity analysis showed that there are 23 attributes influence the sustainability of SM Paliyan management, namely: ecological dimension 4 attribute, social 5 attribute, economy 4 factors, institutional 6 attributes and 4 attributes of vulnerability.Based on the result of uncertainty analysis and validation test showed that Rap-SM Paliyan method is good used assustainability evaluation tool of SM Paliyan management.

Kata Kunci : Suaka Margasatwa, Pengelolaan, Rehabilitasi, Keberlanjutan, Multidimensional Scaling