SIGNIFIKANSI PUISI A LASTUM KHAIRA MAN RAKIBA AL-MATAYA DALAM DIWAN JARIR: ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA RIFFATERRE

RIZA RAHMAN, Dr. Hindun, M.Hum

2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER KAJIAN BUDAYA TIMUR TENGAH

Masa kekuasaan Khalifah Abdul Malik bin Marwan dianggap sebagai titik balik periode kebangkitan puisi tema sanjungan atau al-madh yang sempat meredup pada periode permulaan Islam. Salah satu karya puisi paling berpengaruh yang menandai tonggak perubahan ini digubah oleh penyair Dinasti Umayyah Jarir bin Atiyyah al-Kalbi yang berjudul A Lastum Khaira Man Rakiba al-Mataya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada usaha pemaknaan puisi secara menyeluruh dengan tujuan menggali makna dan kode-kode simbolik yang berhubungan dengan isi pujian dan sanjungan yang dilantunkan kepada sosok yang dipuji atau al-mamduh berdasarkan konvensi sastra yang berlaku saat itu. Sebagaimana puisi pada umumnya yang penuh dengan tanda dan konvensi kebahasaan sastrawi lainnya, maka penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan semiotik yang digagas oleh Michael Riffaterre dalam bukunya yang berjudul Semiotics of Poetry. Teori ini berusaha menguraikan tanda-tanda yang ada di dalam sebuah karya puisi melalui identifikasi ungkapan-ungkapa. yang mengandung ketidaklangsungan ekspresi. Usaha identifikasi tersebut diaplikasikan lewat pembacaan semiotik yang meliputi pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik, identifikasi matriks-model-varian puisi, serta pelacakan hubungan intertekstual puisi yang bertujuan mengungkap karya hipogram. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa puisi A Lastum Khaira Man Rakiba al-Mataya berisi pujian dan sanjungan yang bernuansa politis. Di satu sisi puisi ini berusaha mengangkat derajat sang Khalifah di mata rakyat dengan memujinya melalui simbol borjuasi seperti kendaraan mewah dan ketinggian nasab, tetapi di sisi lain ia ditujukan sebagai perantara untuk meminta atau istijda. Hasil analisis ini diperkuat oleh kandungan puisi hipogramnya, yaitu sebuah puisi berjudul Ayyu ar-Rijali al-Muhazzabu karangan penyair mukhadram: an-Nabigah az-Zubyaniy.

The reign of Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan is considered to be a turning point in the period of the rise of the theme of praise poetry or al-madh which had faded in the early period of Islam. One of the most influential works of poetry that marked this milestone of change was composed by the Umayyad dynasty poet Jarir bin Atiyyah al-Kalbi entitled "A Lastum Khaira Man Rakiba al-Mataya". This research focuses on trying to interpret poetry as a whole with the aim of exploring the meaning and symbolic codes related to the content of praise and praise sung to the person being praised or al-mamduh, its based on the literary conventions that were in force at that time. As poetry in general is full of signs and conventions of other literary languages, this research uses a semiotic approach initiated by Michael Riffaterre in his book entitled Semiotics of Poetry. This theory seeks to describe the signs that exist in a work of poetry through the identification of expressions. which contains indirectness of expression. This identification effort is applied through semiotic reading which includes heuristic and hermeneutic reading, identifying the matrix-model-variant of poetry, and tracing the intertextual relationships of poetry which aims to reveal the work of hypograms. As poetry in general is full of signs and conventions of other literary languages, this research uses a semiotic approach initiated by Michael Riffaterre in his book entitled Semiotics of Poetry. This theory seeks to describe the signs that exist in a work of poetry through the identification of expressions. which contains indirectness of expression. This identification effort is applied through semiotic reading which includes heuristic and hermeneutic reading, identifying the matrix-model-variant of poetry, and tracing the intertextual relationships of poetry which aims to reveal the work of hypograms. The results of the study concluded that the poem A Lastum Khaira Man Rakiba al-Mataya contains political praise and flattery. On the one hand, this poem seeks to elevate the caliph in the eyes of the people by praising him through bourgeois symbols such as luxury vehicles and high lineage, but on the other hand, it is intended as an intermediary for asking or istijda`. The results of this analysis are strengthened by the content of the hipogram poem, namely a poem entitled Ayyu ar-Rijali al-Muhazzabu written by the poet mukhadram: an-Nabigah az-Zubyaniy.

Kata Kunci : Dinasti Umayyah, Jarir, Semiotika Riffaterre, A Lastum Khaira Man Rakiba Al-Mataya