Gambaran Permintaan dan Ketersediaan Obat Covid-19 Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Apotek di Kabupaten Bantul

NAUFALDY YUMNA GANINDA, Dr. apt. Dwi Endarti, S.F., M.Sc.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid 19) merupakan suatu penyakit yang muncul di Kota Wuhan, China. Terjadinya perubahan kondisi dunia akibat pandemi, berdampak pada ketersediaan dan permintaan obat-obatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ketersediaan dan permintaan obat di apotek di Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian ini merupakan studi non-eksperimental dan pendekatan secara cross-sectional. Pengambilan data melalui data primer berupa kuesioner yang dilakukan secara wawancara. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara convenience sampling kepada apoteker di 67 apotek di Kabupaten Bantul. Data yang telah dikumpulkan, kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara deskriptif meliputi data permintaan obat dan data ketersediaan obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5 golongan obat yang mengalami kenaikan permintaan tertinggi terjadi pada suplemen, obat saluran pernapasan, antipiretik dan analgesik, antiinflamasi, dan antibiotik. Metode yang paling banyak digunakan dalam mendapatkan obat tersebut adalah metode non-resep. Mayoritas obat yang mengalami kekosongan stok dialami oleh suplemen. Penyebab utama terjadi kekosongan stok obat dikarenakan adanya peningkatan permintaan yang tinggi pada saat pandemi Covid-19. Solusi yang dilakukan apoteker dalam mengatasi kekosongan stok obat adalah melakukan peningkatan pengadaan atau pemesanan. Pada saat pandemi Covid-19, mayoritas obat mengalami kenaikan harga baik penjualan maupun pengadaan di apotek. Golongan obat yang mengalami kenaikan harga penjualan tertinggi adalah suplemen dan mengalami kenaikan harga pengadaan tertinggi dialami golongan antibiotik. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut perlu adanya peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan dalam menjamin ketersediaan obat dalam menanggapi permintaan obat dalam kejadian tak terduga seperti pandemi Covid-19.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid 19) is a disease that appeared in Wuhan City, China. Changes in world conditions due to the pandemic have had an impact on the availability and demand for medicines. This study aims to describe the availability and demand for drugs in pharmacies in Bantul Regency. This research is a non-experimental study and a cross-sectional approach. Retrieval of data through primary data in the form of questionnaires conducted by interview. The sampling technique was carried out by convenience sampling to pharmacists in 67 pharmacies in Bantul Regency. The data that has been collected, then processed and analyzed descriptively includes drug demand data and drug availability data. The results showed that the 5 drug classes that experienced the highest increase in demand occurred in supplements, respiratory drugs, antipyretics and analgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. The most widely used method of obtaining the drug is the non-prescription method. The majority of drugs that experience stock shortages are experienced by supplements. The main cause of drug stock shortages is due to the high increase in demand during the Covid-19 pandemic. The solution that pharmacists make in overcoming drug stock emptiness is to increase procurement or ordering. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the majority of drugs experienced price increases, both for sales and procurement at pharmacies. The drug group that experienced the highest sales price increase was the supplement and the antibiotic group experienced the highest increase in procurement price. From the results of this study, it is necessary to improve health services in ensuring the availability of drugs in response to demand for drugs in unexpected events such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Kata Kunci : Covid-19, ketersediaan, permintaan, apotek