Representasi Hegemoni World Health Organization dalam Pemberitaan Covid-19 di Media Al-Jazeera: Analisis Wacana Kritis Van Dijk

FATIMAH NUR ANNISA, Dr. Arief Ma'nawi, S.S., M.Hum.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA ARAB

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap upaya hegemoni World Health Organization melalui representasi kinerja yang disajikan oleh media al-Jazeera. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa teks berita pandemi Covid-19 yang terbit pada bulan April 2020 hingga Mei 2022. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak dengan teknik dasar berupa teknik sadap dan teknik lanjutan berupa Teknik Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (TSBLC) dan teknik catat. Selanjutnya, pada tahap penyajian data menggunakan metode informal. Untuk mengungkap bentuk representasi kinerja WHO, teks berita diteliti menggunakan teori wacana kritis Teun A. van Dijk. Analisis model Van Dijk melibatkan tiga dimensi, yaitu dimensi teks, dimensi kognisi sosial, dan dimensi sosial. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya upaya hegemoni yang ditampilkan oleh WHO melalui pemberitaan media al-Jazeera. Upaya tersebut dibuktikan dengan kinerja WHO dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19 di dunia untuk mendapatkan kepercayaan publik. Terdapat empat representasi kinerja WHO yang ditampilkan oleh media al-Jazeera. Pertama, bentuk kolaborasi WHO terlihat ketika para pemimpin dunia terlibat dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19. Kedua, bentuk tanggung jawab WHO terletak pada keseriusannya terhadap penanganan kasus pandemi, contohnya membentuk komite independen untuk meninjau penanganan Covid-19. Ketiga, bentuk transparansi terlihat ketika konferensi pers mengenai asal-usul virus Covid-19. Keempat, bentuk ketegasan terlihat ketika WHO menerapkan kebijakan vaksinasi.

This study aims to reveal the efforts of the World Health Organization's hegemony through performance representations presented by the al-Jazeera media. The data in this study are in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic news text that was published in April 2020 to May 2022. The data was collected by the listening method with basic techniques in the form of tapping techniques and advanced techniques in the form of the TSBLC and note-taking techniques. Furthermore, the stage of presenting data using informal methods. To reveal the form of representation of WHO's performance, news texts were examined using the theory of critical discourse by Teun A. van Dijk. The analysis of Van Dijk's model involves three dimensions, including the text dimension, social cognition dimension, and social dimension. The result of this research is the existence of hegemonic efforts displayed by WHO through al-Jazeera media coverage. This effort is evidenced by WHO's performance in dealing with Covid-19 pandemic in the world to gain public trust. There are four representations of WHO's performance displayed by al-Jazeera media. First, the form of WHO's collaboration can be seen when world leaders are involved in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. Second, the form of WHO's responsibility can be seen in handling pandemic cases seriously, for example forming an independent committee to review the handling of Covid-19. Third, the form of WHO's transparency can be seen at press conference about the origins of Covid-19. Fourth, the form of WHO's assertiveness can be seen at implements a vaccination policy.

Kata Kunci : representasi, hegemoni, wacana kritis, WHO, al-Jazeera.