Penguatan Rumah Pangan Lestari Melalui Integrasi Tanaman Dan Kambing Dengan Pendekatan Penilaian Ekonomi Dan Kecukupan Pakan Ternak (Studi Kasus di Desa Pamriyan Kecamatan Pituruh Purworejo)

RUSITA FITRIANI, Dr. Ir. Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti, S.P., M.P., IPM. ; Ir. Nafiatul Umami, S.Pt., M.P., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU PETERNAKAN

Konsep Rumah Pangan Lestari (RPL) adalah pemanfaatan pekarangan yang ramah lingkungan dan dirancang untuk ketahanan dan kemandirian pangan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal melalui integrasi tanaman-ternak. Tujuan penelitan adalah menganalisis potensi sumberdaya tanaman ternak dan pendapatan integrasi tanaman ternak kambing. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Pamriyan, Kecamatan Pituruh, Kabupaten Purworejo . Penentuan sampel secara multistage purposive sampling sebanyak 60 peternak. Analisis potensi sumberdaya ternak melalui parameter produksi dan kecukupan pakan, dan pendapatan integrasi tanaman ternak kambing dengan metode whole farm budget dilanjutkan analisis kelayakan usaha dan sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja produksi ternak sudah baik yang ditunjukkan dari nilai Kidding Interval (bulan) sebesar 8,32 plus minus 2,03 bulan, S/C 1-2 kali, Litter Size 1,25 plus minus 0,67 ekor, mortalitas (2,18 plus minus 1,00 ekor) dan masa sapih 2,75 plus minus 0,98 bulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kecukupan pakan, rata rata peternak memiliki 11 ekor ternak kambing (1,01 UT). Dari jumlah tersebut, peternak memberikan pakan sebanyak 23,92 kg/hari atau 8.731kg/thn. Pemberian pakan yang dilakukan oleh peternak lebih rendah dibandingkan kebutuhan pakan 12.903 kg. Jika dibandingkan antara produksi hijauan dengan kebutuhan pakan, maka produksi pakan yang dihasilkan setiap peternak dalam kondisi berlebih atau dalam kondisi undergrazing. Pendapatan integrasi tanaman ternak sebesar Rp 20.324.090 per petani/peternak/tahun. Potensi tanaman perkebunan, holtikultura, kehutanan memberikan kontribusi rata-rata sebesar Rp 16.425.036/tahun (80,82%). Usaha ternak kambing memberikan kontribusi rata-rata sebesar Rp3.899.054 /peternak/ tahun (19,18%). Kelayakan usaha ternak kambing yaitu NPV sebesar Rp 7.317.693/peternak, BCR 1,26, dan IRR 40% . Kelayakan usaha integrasi tanaman ternak memberikan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 23.633.056 petani peternak/tahun, BCR 1,30, dan IRR 93%. Analisis sensitivitas dengan adanya asumsi penambahan induk 3 ekor, Kidding Interval 8,32 bulan, umur jual cempe 6 bulan dan adanya teknologi pakan memberikan nilai BCR 1,39, NPV sebesar Rp 27.183.412 dan IRR 80%. Untuk penguatan RPL karena terjadi undergrazzing dan overstocking pakan serta penggunaan pupuk di tingkat peternak masih kurang maka maka peternak diharapkan mempunyai kepemilikan induk minimum 6 ekor, menerapkan teknologi pengawetan pakan, dan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan kotoran ternak.

The concept of Rumah Pangan Lestari (RPL) is the use of environmentally friendly yards and is designed for food security and independence. Therefore it is necessary to have Utilization local resources through plant-livestock integration. The purpose of the research is to analyze the potential of livestock crop resources and the income of goat livestock plant integration. The research location is in Pamriyan Village, Pituruh District, Purworejo Regency. The number of samples by multistage purposive sampling was 60 breeders. Analysis of the potential of livestock resources through the parameters of production and feed adequacy, and income integration of goat livestock crops with the whole farm budget method followed by business feasibility and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the performance of livestock production was good as shown from the Kidding Interval (month) value of 8.32 plus minus 2.03 months, S/C 1-2 times, Litter Size 1.25 plus minus 0.67 heads, mortality (2.18 plus minus 1.00 heads) and weaning period of 2.75 plus minus 0.98 months. Based on the analysis of feed adequacy, the average farmer has 11 goats (1.01 UT). Of these, farmers provide feed as much as 23.92 kg / day or 8,731 kg / yr. The feeding carried out by farmers is lower than the need for feed of 12,903 kg. When compared between forage production and feed needs, the feed production produced by each farmer is in excess condition or in undergrazing conditions. Crop-livestock integration income of Rp20,324,090/farmer/farmer/year. The potential of plantation crops, horticulture, forestry contributes an average of Rp 16,425,036 / year (80.82%). This business was contributed an average of Rp 3,899,054/farmer/year (19.18%). The goat business is NPV of Rp 7,317,693/farmer, BCR 1.26, and IRR 40%. The feasibility of the livestock crop integration business provides an NPV value of Rp. 23,633,056 farmer/year, BCR 1.30, and IRR 93%. Asensitivity analysis with the assumption of the addition of 3 broodstock, kidding interval 8.32 months, selling age cempe 6 months and the presence of feed technology provides a BCR value of 1.39, NPV of Rp 27,183,412 and IRR of 80%. To strengthen the RPL because there are undergrazzing and overstocking of feed and the use of fertilizer at the farmer level is still lacking, farmers are expected to have a minimum parent ownership of 6 heads, apply feed preservation technology, and optimize the use of manure.

Kata Kunci : analisis sensitivitas, integrasi tanaman-ternak, kecukupan pakan, rumah pangan lestari, whole farm budget