Turn Taking and Interruptions in Couples Therapy

NUR TRIHANDAYANI R, Prof. Dr. I Dewa Putu Wijana, S.U., M.A

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER LINGUISTIK

Pergantian giliran dalam Couples Therapy tidak selalu berjalan mulus karena perbedaan alokasi giliran dan interupsi. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan alokasi giliran dalam Couples Therapy menggunakan teori Sacks, Schegloff, dan Jefferson (1974), strategi giliran bicara oleh Stenstrom (1994), dan pelanggaran dalam turn-taking yaitu interupsi yang diproduksi oleh terapis dan pasien. Data diambil dari film dokumenter berjudul Couples Therapy yang ditayangkan di Show Time, sebuah jaringan televisi Amerika. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terapis adalah pelaku yang mengontrol alokasi giliran dalam Couples Therapy. Oleh karena itu, terapis secara dominan menggunakan current speaker selects next dan self-selection. Akan tetapi, pasien juga ditemukan menggunakan current speaker selects next dan self-selection. Untuk memberikan giliran, terapis dan pasien menerapkan strategi prompting, appealing, dan giving up. Sementara itu, untuk mengambil giliran, terapis dan pasien menggunakan beberapa strategi seperti hesitant start, clean start, uptakes, links, and interrupting. Interupsi dilihat sebagai sebuah pelanggaran dalam alih tutur. Namun, strategi ini digunakan oleh terapis dan pasien. Terapis ditemukan lebih banyak menginterupsi dibandingkan partisipan yang lain. Kemudian, pasien perempuan ditemukan lebih sering menginterupsi daripada pasien laki-laki dalam Couples Therapy. Setelah meneliti tipe interupsi yang menggunakan klasifikasi interupsi oleh Murata (1994) dan Kennedy (1983), ditemukan bahwa terapis menggunakan interupsi kooperatif dan intrusif relatif sama, sementara pasien laki-laki dan perempuan secara dominan menggunakan interupsi intrusif.

Turn-taking in Couples Therapy does not always run smoothly due to differences in allocation of turns and interruptions. Therefore, this present study is conducted to describe the turn-allocation in Couples Therapy using Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson (1974) theory, turn taking strategies using Stenstrom (1994), and the violation of turn-taking called interruptions that are produced by the therapist and the patients. The data were gathered from the documentary film entitled Couples Therapy, which aired on Show Time, an American television network. The findings revealed that the therapist is the one who controls the turn-allocation in Couples Therapy. Consequently, the therapist is the one who dominantly performed current speaker selects next and self-selection. However, the patients are also found to use both current speaker selects next and self-selection. To yield the turn, the therapist and the patients applied prompting, appealing, and giving up strategies. Meanwhile, to take the turn, the therapist and the patients used several strategies, such as hesitant start, clean start, uptakes, links, and interrupting. Interruption is seen as a violation of turn-taking. However, this strategy is used by the therapist and the patients. The therapist was the one who interrupted the most frequently. Meanwhile, female patients were found to interrupt more frequently than male patients in Couples Therapy. After analysing the type of interruption using Murata (1994) and Kennedy (1983) classifications of interruption, the result revealed that the therapist used cooperative and intrusive interruption relatively the same, while male and female patients predominantly performed intrusive interruption.

Kata Kunci : turn-taking, turn-allocation, turn-taking strategies, interruption, couples therapy