Adaptasi Masyarakat Terhadap Ancaman Banjir Pada Daerah Rawan Bencana Banjir Di Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati

I'IN INAYATUL Y, Dr. Djaka Marwasta, S.Si., M.Si

2022 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI LINGKUNGAN

Banjir merupakan bencana yang mengancam bagi masyarakat terutama tinggal di tepi Sungai Juwana dan menimbulkan kerugian. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk menjelaskan tujuan pertama dan kedua mengenai karakteristik dan bentuk adaptasi masyarat. Sedangkan, tujuan ketiga menjelaskan adaptasi masyarakat menurut karakteristik masyarakat dalam bentuk tabulasi silang (cross tabulation). Teknik sampling menggunakan cluster random sampling dengan 94 sampel. Metode pengambilan data dengan melakukan survei lapangan, observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik masyarakat didominasi oleh kelompok umur produktif, tingkat pendidikan responden masih cukup rendah, mata pencaharian didominasi oleh pekerja swasta dan nelayan, serta pendapatan rumah tangga didominasi pendapatan menengah. Mayoritas masyarakat memiliki status kepemilikan bangunan milik sendiri dan tipe rumah permanen. Bentuk adaptasi yang dilakukan berupa adaptasi menurut Twigg (2004), yaitu adaptasi struktural meliputi meninggikan bangunan rumah, membuat rumah bertingkat, memperbaiki struktur bangunan rumah, meninggikan halaman rumah, membuat tanggul-tanggul penahan banjir di sekitar rumah, menggunakan cat anti air, dan memperbaiki saluran air. Menyiapkan tempat untuk menaruh barang ke tempat yang lebih tinggi seperti di atas meja, kursi, atau anjapan. Pemerintah meninggikan jalan, pembuatan jalan di tepi sungai atau jalan inspeksi pada masing-masing desa, pembuatan jalur evakuasi, serta tempat pengungsian seperti rumah evakuasi bencana. Adaptasi sosial, meliputi masyarakat mengetahui tanda terjadinya banjir, adanya program pelatihan khusus mitigasi bencana, pemberitahuan informasi mengenai banjir dari pemerintah setempat, dan berpartisipasi dalam membuat regu penolong. Sikap tolong-menolong dan gotong royong yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dapat meningkatkan kapasitas adaptif masyarakat. Adaptasi ekonomi dengan menyediakan tabungan, cenderung melanjutkan pekerjaan, mendapat bantuan dari pemerintah atau lembaga, dan memanfaatkan pinjaman. Tipe adaptasi menurut karakteristik sosial, ekonomi, dan fisik bangunan masyarakat didapatkan persentase tertinggi dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki, berumur produktif, tingkat pendidikan SMA sederajat, pekerjaan sebagai pekerja swasta, pendapatan Rp1.000.001,00-Rp3.000.000,00, lama tinggal >40 tahun, serta status kepemilikan bangunan milik sendiri

Flood is a disaster that threatens people, especially those living on the banks of the Juwana River, and causes losses. This study uses descriptive analysis to explain the first and second objectives regarding the characteristics and forms of community adaptation. Meanwhile, the third objective describes community adaptation according to community characteristics in the form of cross-tabulations (cross tabulation). Sampling technique using cluster random sampling with 94 samples. Methods of data collection by conducting field surveys, observations, documentation, and interviews using questionnaires. The results showed that the characteristics of the community were dominated by the productive age group, the education level of the respondents was still quite low, livelihoods were dominated by private workers and fishermen, and household income was dominated by middle income. The majority of people have the status of owning their own building and the type of permanent house. The form of adaptation carried out is in the form of adaptation according to Twigg (2004), namely structural adaptation includes raising house buildings, building terraced houses, repairing the structure of house buildings, elevating the yard, making flood-retaining embankments around the house, using water-repellent paint, and repairing waterways. Setting up a place to put items to a higher place such as on a table, chair, orJapan. The government is raising roads, constructing roads along river banks or inspection roads in each village, constructing evacuation routes, and evacuation sites such as disaster evacuation houses. Social adaptation, including the community knowing the signs of a flood, having a special disaster mitigation training program, notifying information about flooding from the local government, and participating in forming a relief team. The attitude of helping and mutual cooperation carried out by the community can increase the adaptive capacity of the community. Economic adaptation by providing savings, tending to continue working, getting help from the government or institutions, and taking advantage of loans. The type of adaptation according to the social, economic and physical characteristics of the community building obtained the highest percentage, namely people with male gender, productive age, high school education level equivalent, work as private workers, income Rp. 1,000,001.00-Rp. 3,000,000.00, length of stay >40 years, as well as ownership status of own building

Kata Kunci : Adaptasi, Banjir, Kecamatan Juwana,Adaptation, Flood, District Juwana