Studi Analisis Kesiapan Fasilitas Apotek di Kota Serang dalam Menunjang Pelayanan Imunisasi

INDANA LAZULVA, Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes

2023 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Imunisasi merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan kekebalan seseorang terhadap penyakit sehingga seseorang tidak akan terpapar penyakit atau hanya mengalami sakit ringan. Pelayanan imunisasi di Indonesia masih belum mencapai target cakupan nasional. Apotek sebagai fasilitas kesehatan yang mudah dijangkau oleh masyarakat diharapkan dapat melaksanakan pelayanan imunisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor karakteristik apotek, pengelolaan obat suhu dingin dan vaksin, standar operasional prosedur, dan sarana prasarana dapat memengaruhi kesiapan fasilitas apotek dan mengetahui kesiapan fasilitas apotek di Kota Serang dalam menunjang pelayanan imunisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian non-eksperimental deskriptif dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Penelitian ini dilakukan di beberapa apotek di Kota Serang pada bulan November 2022. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian menyebutkan bahwa sebanyak 19 apotek menyediakan obat suhu dingin dan 2 apotek dari 26 apotek menyediakan vaksin. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diperoleh persentase sebesar 74,87% atau mendekati 75% menunjukkan apotek di Kota Serang siap dan memiliki potensi besar dalam pelaksanaan imunisasi. Dilihat dari faktor karakteristik apotek diperoleh persentase sebesar 23,08% atau di bawah 50%. Kemudian berdasarkan dari SOP penerimaan dan penyimpanan diperoleh persentase sebesar 42,95% atau di bawah 50%. Selain itu, hasil dari sarana dan prasarana diperoleh persentase sebesar 36,86% atau di bawah 50%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan apotek di Kota Serang belum siap melaksanakan imunisasi. Namun, masih ada harapan dikarenakan intensi apoteker di Serang yang cukup tinggi, sebesar 61,54% dalam melaksanakan pelayanan imunisasi di apotek. Diperlukan banyaknya peningkatan mutu, rekomendasi kebijakan, dan kesadaran apoteker untuk mendukung implementasi pelayanan imunisasi di apotek Kota Serang.

Immunization is an attempt to raise/increase a person's immunity to a disease so that if one day is exposed to the disease a person would not get sick or only experience a mild illness. Immunization services in Indonesia have not yet reached the national coverage target. Pharmacies as health facilities that are easily accessible by the community are expected to be able to carry out immunization services. The purpose of this study is to determine the availability of pharmacies characteristic factors, management of cold temperature drugs and vaccines, standard operating procedures (SOP), and infrastructure related to the implementation of immunization in the city of Serang and to find out the preparedness of pharmacies in Serang city for the implementation of the immunization program. This study used a non-experimental research design with descriptive data as the data taken. This research conducted at several pharmacies at Serang City in November 2022. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The results showed that 19 pharmacies provided cold medicine and 2 pharmacies provided vaccines out of a total of 26 respondents. Based on a percentage of 74.87% or close to 75% indicates that pharmacies in Serang City are ready and have great potential in implementing immunization. Judging from the sociodemographic characteristics of the pharmacy, the readiness level for immunization services is 23.08% or below 50%. Then based on the results of the reception and storage SOP related to the readiness level of immunization services of 42.95% or below 50%. In addition, the results of facilities and infrastructure related to the readiness level of immunization services were 36.86% or below 50%. This shows that pharmacies in Serang City are not ready to carry out immunization. However, there is still hope regarding increased readiness due to the relatively high intention of pharmacists in Serang City, amounting to 61.54%, to carry out immunization services at pharmacies. A lot of quality improvement, policy recommendations, and awareness of pharmacists are needed to support the implementation immunization services Serang City pharmacies.

Kata Kunci : imunisasi, apotek, apoteker, fasilitas apotek