Kesiapan Fasilitas Apotek Dalam Mendukung Pelaksanaan Imunisasi Di Kota Surabaya

SYAHRUL MEIDIKA I, Dr. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes., Apt.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Imunisasi adalah suatu usaha untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh seseorang secara aktif terhadap suatu penyakit sehingga jika terkena penyakit tersebut tidak akan sakit atau mengalami sakit ringan. Perluasan peran apoteker dalam imunisasi dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, yaitu advocacy, facilitation, dan administration. Tetapi, di Indonesia cara administration belum bisa dilakukan oleh apoteker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui ketersediaan obat suhu dingin, vaksin, standar operasional prosedur (SOP), dan sarana prasarana terkait pelaksanaan imunisasi di apotek Kota Surabaya, serta mengetahui kesiapan fasilitas apotek di Kota Surabaya untuk pelaksanaan program imunisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian non-eksperimental deskriptif dengan instrumen kuesioner. Kuesioner ini disebar ke seluruh apotek di Kota Surabaya pada bulan November 2022. Apotek dipilih melalui teknik convenience sampling. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 32 apotek (47,06%) yang menyediakan obat suhu dingin dan hanya satu apotek dari 68 apotek yang menyediakan vaksin. Berdasarkan ketersediaan obat suhu dingin dan vaksin didapat persentase rata-rata sebesar 56,01% atau di bawah 75%. Dilihat dari karakteristik apoteker dan apotek, tingkat kesiapan pelayanan imunisasi sebesar 22,65% atau di bawah 75%. Kemudian, berdasarkan hasil dari SOP penerimaan dan penyimpanan terkait tingkat kesiapan pelayanan imunisasi sebesar 90,85% atau di atas 75% menunjukkan bahwa apotek di Kota Surabaya siap dan memiliki potensi dalam pelaksanaan imunisasi. Selain itu, hasil dari sarana dan prasarana terkait tingkat kesiapan pelayanan imunisasi sebesar 30,88% atau di bawah 75%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan apotek di Kota Surabaya belum siap melaksanakan imunisasi. Namun masih ada harapan karena pada bagian intensi apoteker, mayoritas apoteker setuju apabila kebijakan di Indonesia memperbolehkan menyediakan layanan imunisasi oleh profesional kesehatan lainnya (misal: dokter) di apotek. Tetapi, perlu adanya peningkatan mutu, rekomendasi regulasi, dan kesadaran apoteker untuk mendukung implementasi pelayanan imunisasi di apotek Kota Surabaya.

Immunization is an attempt to actively increase a person's immunity against a disease so that people who got immunization are exposed to the disease will not be sick or experience mild pain. The expansion of the pharmacist's role in immunization can be done in various ways, namely advocacy, facilitation, and administration. However, in Indonesia way of administration cannot be done yet by pharmacists. The purpose of this study is to determine the availability of cold temperature drugs, vaccines, standard operating procedures (SOP), and infrastructure related to the implementation of immunization in the city of Surabaya and to find out the preparedness of pharmacies in Surabaya city for the implementation of the immunization program. This study used a descriptive non-experimental research method with a questionnaire as an instrument. The questionnaires distributed to all pharmacies in Surabaya in November 2022. The respondent selected through a convenience sampling technique. The data obtained will be analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results showed that 32 pharmacies (47.06%) provided cold medicine and only one out of 68 pharmacies provided vaccines. Based on the availability of cold medicine and vaccines, the average percentage is 56.01% or below 75%. Judging from the characteristics of pharmacists and pharmacies, the readiness level for immunization services is 22.65% or below 75%. Then, based on the results of the reception and storage SOP related to the readiness level of immunization services of 90.85% or above 75% indicating that pharmacies in the city of Surabaya are ready and have potential in implementing immunization. In addition, the results of facilities and infrastructure related to the readiness level of immunization services is 30.88% or below 75%. This shows that pharmacies in the city of Surabaya are not ready to carry out immunization. However, there is still hope because in terms of pharmacist intentions, the majority of pharmacists agree that Indonesian policy allows immunization services to be provided by other health professionals (eg doctors) in pharmacies. However, quality improvement, regulatory recommendations, and pharmacist awareness are needed to support the implementation of immunization services in pharmacies in the city of Surabaya.

Kata Kunci : Imunisasi, apotek, kesiapan, fasilitas apotek