Persepsi dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat mengenai Etiket Obat sebagai Media Informasi Obat di Kabupaten Sleman

BINTANG W PRIYAMBADA, Prof. Dr. apt. Satibi, M.Si.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Bentuk dan penyampaian informasi obat pada etiket obat diatur dalam beberapa regulasi yang tidak seragam. Perbedaan ini dapat mengakibatkan pasien tidak selalu menerima informasi yang dibutuhkan terkait pengobatannya dan lebih lanjut dapat mengakibatkan kesalahan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi dan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai informasi yang tertera pada etiket obat, gambaran bentuk dan kelengkapan informasi dalam etiket obat, serta evaluasi untuk pengembangan etiket obat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang diikuti oleh 107 responden di Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dilaksanakan antara Juni hingga Agustus 2022. Bentuk etiket obat, kelengkapan informasi dalam etiket obat, pemahaman dan persepsi responden terhadap instruksi yang sering ditemui dalam etiket obat, serta evaluasi untuk pengembangan etiket obat diamati melalui jawaban responden. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Enam pertanyaan digunakan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan responden tentang informasi dalam etiket obat. Persentase responden yang menjawab tepat pada masing-masing 6 pertanyaan ini berada dalam rentang 33,64%-91,59% dari 107 responden, namun hanya 17 responden (15,89%) yang menjawab tepat pada seluruh 6 pertanyaan ini. Berdasarkan 10 pertanyaan yang diajukan, diketahui persepsi responden mengenai informasi dalam etiket obat beragam. Contoh keragaman ini yaitu pada aturan pakai obat luar 2x sehari terdapat 51,40% responden yang memilih memakai obat luar setiap 12 jam sekali, sedangkan terdapat 38,32% responden yang memilih menggunakan setiap setelah mandi. Mayoritas responden (29,91%) menerima etiket obat berbentuk kertas lepas, sedangkan format penulisan etiket obat yang paling banyak ditemui yaitu dengan ditulis tangan (41,12%). Sebanyak 25,23% responden menerima 0-10 dari 25 informasi dalam etiket obat, 50,47% menerima 11-20 informasi, dan 16,82% menerima 21-24 informasi. Hanya 7,48% responden yang menerima seluruh 25 informasi dalam etiket obat. Harapan dari responden untuk perbaikan dalam etiket obat antara lain melengkapi informasi yang disampaikan (13,08%), menyesuaikan ukuran etiket obat (13,08%), dan menuliskan informasi dengan bahasa yang jelas, eksplisit, dan informatif (14,02%).

There are differences between several regulations regarding dispensing label formats and the required information to be conveyed within. These differences could result in patients not always receiving the required medication information, and even further could cause medication errors. This study aims to understand the publics perception and knowledge of information contained in dispensing labels, the format and contents of the label received by the participants, and the evaluation needed to improve dispensing labels in the future. This quantitative study was conducted between June to August 2022 in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, and was involving 107 participants. Formats and contents of dispensing labels received by participants, knowledge and perception of participants regarding instructions that are often written on drug dispensing labels, and recommendations by respondents regarding dispensing label improvement were acquired using both online and printed questionnaires. The obtained data were then analyzed using the descriptive statistics method. Respondents understanding of information within dispensing labels was observed using 6 questions. The percentage of respondents who answered correctly on each of these 6 questions ranged between 33.64%-91.59%. Only 17 respondents (15.89%) were able to answer all of these 6 questions correctly. Variations in respondents perceptions regarding instructions within dispensing labels were observed through 10 questions. An example of these variations is the respondents response to external drug instruction apply twice a day, where 51.40% of respondents decided to apply the medication once every 12 hours while another 38.32% decided to apply it after every shower. The majority of respondents (29.91%) received drug dispensing labels on a piece of paper that was given alongside the medication. Most of the respondents (41.12%) received dispensing labels with information that were handwritten by the healthcare professionals. As much as 25.23% of respondents received between 0-10 out of 25 items of information within their dispensing labels, 50.47% received 11-20 items, and 16.82% received between 21-24 items. Only 7.48% of the respondents received all 25 items of information within their dispensing labels. Several recommendations for drug dispensing label improvement were given by respondents. Among these were recommendations to provide more information regarding the received medication (13.08%), to adjust the size of the label and the text within it (13.08%), and to convey the information with clear and explicit language (14.02%).

Kata Kunci : Etiket Obat, Informasi Obat, Pengetahuan, Persepsi