Pelibatan TNI AD dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Erupsi Gunungapi Semeru dan Implikasinya terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah (Studi di Kodim 0821/Lumajang dan Kecamatan Candipuro, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur

KAISAR BAGUS P R, Dr. Danang Sri Hadmoko, S.Si., M.Sc.;Dr. Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron, M.Sc.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER KETAHANAN NASIONAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis pelibatan TNI AD dalam penanggulangan bencana erupsi Gunungapi Semeru dan implikasinya bagi ketahanan wilayah di Kecamatan Candipuro, Kabupaten Lumajang. Peneliti menentukan lokasi untuk penelitian lapangan (field research), yaitu di Kodim 0821/Lumajang serta Desa Penanggal dan Desa Sumbermujur, Kecamatan Candipuro, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur yang merupakan lokasi pengungsian, hunian tetap dan sementara serta kawasan terdampak paling berat akibat bencana erupsi Gunungapi Semeru. Peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk menentukan sampel dan empat variabel yang berkorelasi dengan efektivitas jaring kerjasama antar organisasi penanggulangan bencana erupsi Gunungapi Semeru, yaitu: berbagi informasi, berbagi sumber daya, evakuasi, pencarian dan penyelamatan korban (SAR) serta penyedia layanan kemanusiaan. Cara menganalisis data dengan metode campuran (kuantitatif dan kualitatif) menggunakan model Social Network Analysis (SNA), dengan alat penelitian berupa kuesioner, wawancara, observasi, studi literature, studi dokumentasi dan internet. Penyajian data dilakukan dalam bentuk uraian naratif, penyajian grafik/gambar dan tabel perhitungan derajat sentralitas setiap organisasi dalam jaring kerjasama penanggulangan bencana erupsi Gunungapi Semeru. Berdasarkan matriks pelibatan organisasi tanggap darurat bencana erupsi Gunungapi Semeru tahun 2021, terdapat 14 organisasi yang dinilai aktif terlibat di semua variabel dan indikator yang telah diukur/dihitung. Pada variabel berbagi informasi, berbagi sumber daya dan evakuasi, pencarian dan penyelamatan (SAR), TNI AD bersama BPBD merupakan dua organisasi sentral dan memiliki kolaborasi yang paling efektif selama tahap tanggap darurat. Dinas Sosial dan Dinas Kesehatan menjadi organisasi sentral dan berperan penting pada variabel penyedia layanan kemanusiaan. Implikasi dari pelibatan TNI AD bagi ketahanan wilayah Kecamatan Candipuro dianalisa berdasarkan indikator ketahanan yang ada dalam Kerangka Kerja Sendai atau Sendai Framework for Action (SFA), yaitu: mengkaji risiko bencana, membangun ketahanan tata kelola risiko bencana, berinvestasi dalam ketahanan risiko bencana dan kesiapan untuk respon yang efektif terhadap bencana. Berdasarkan keempat indikator tersebut, pelibatan TNI AD memberikan pengaruh positif guna meningkatkan ketahanan wilayah Kecamatan Candipuro, Kabupaten Lumajang.

This study aims to identify and analyze the involvement of the TNI AD in the management of the Mount Semeru eruption disaster and its implications for regional resilience in Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency. Researchers determined the location for field research, namely at Kodim 0821/Lumajang and Penanggal and Sumbermujur Villages, Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency, East Java which were refugee locations, permanent and temporary shelters and the areas most severely affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru. The researcher used purposive sampling technique to determine the sample and four variables that correlated with the effectiveness of the cooperation network between organizations for the management of the Mount Semeru eruption, namely: sharing information, sharing resources, evacuation, searching and rescuing victims (SAR) and providing humanitarian services. How to analyze data with mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) used the Social Network Analysis (SNA) model, with research tools in the form of questionnaires, interviews, observations, literature studies, documentation studies and internet. The presentation of data was carried out in the form of narrative descriptions, presentation of graphs/pictures and tables for calculating the degree of centrality of each organization in the cooperation network for the management of the Mount Semeru eruption disaster. Based on the matrix of involvement of emergency response organizations for the 2021 Semeru Volcano eruption disaster, there were 14 organizations that were considered actively involved in all variables and indicators that had been measured/calculated. In the variables of information sharing, resource sharing and evacuation, search and rescue (SAR), the TNI AD and BPBD were the two central organizations and had the most effective collaboration during the emergency response phase. The Department of Social Affairs and the Department of Health were central organizations and play an important role in the variables of humanitarian service providers. The implications of the Indonesian Army's involvement in the resilience of the Candipuro Subdistrict area were analyzed based on the resilience indicators in the Sendai Framework for Action (SFA), namely: assessing disaster risks, building disaster risk governance resilience, investing in disaster risk resilience and readiness for an effective response to disasters. Based on these four indicators, the involvement of the Indonesian Army had a positive influence on improved the resilience of the Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency.

Kata Kunci : TNI AD, Bencana, Erupsi, Gunungapi Semeru dan Ketahanan Wilayah.