Deteksi Efusi Abdominal Feline Infectious Peritonitis berbasis Immunocytochemistry

Kurnianto Dwi Widiatmoko, Prof. Dr. drh. Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia ; Prof. Dr. drh. Ida Tjahajati, M.P.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) merupakan penyakit infeksi pada kucing yang disebabkan oleh bentuk mutasi feline coronavirus (FCoV), yang termasuk subspesies alphacoronavirus-1. Feline infectious peritonitis cenderung bersifat fatal dan dapat menular pada berbagai jenis kucing, dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas cukup tinggi. Metode molekuler dengan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) hanya dapat mendeteksi adanya FCoV pada sampel. Metode immunocytochemistry (ICC) dapat mendeteksi adanya FIPV yang bersifat sistemik dan virulent, sehingga akurasinya lebih tinggi dibandingkan RT-PCR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi cairan efusif FIP berdasar sifat fisik dan profil sitologi serta pengembangkan metode ICC sebagai salah satu alternatif diagnosis FIP yang tepat dan praktis. Penelitian ini digunakan 20 sampel asites yang berasal dari pasien kucing dari berbagai Klinik Hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dugaan FIP ditentukan berdasar gejala klinis adanya distensi abdomen (asites), uji Rivalta, uji antibodi terhadap anti FCoV, dan skrining terhadap keberadaan gen N melalui RT-PCR. Cairan asites kucing yang terdiagnosis FIP berwarna kekuningan, kental, tidak berbau, termasuk cairan eksudat dengan berat jenis 1.019-1.047. Hasil sitologi asites dengan pewarnaan Giemsa 10% ditemukan sel makrofag, monosit, eosinofil, dan sel-sel mesotel. Hasil skrining RT-PCR dengan target gen N dapat dideteksi 20 sampel dinyatakan positif FCoV. Hasil uji ICC memperlihatkan 18 dari 20 sampel dinyatakan positif terinfeksi FIPV. Hasil ICC memperlihatkan adanya partikel virus FIPV pada sel makrofag dan monosit yang terinterpretasikan berwarna kecoklatan. Dari hasil penelitian ini metode ICC dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif diagnosis kasus FIP efusif secara tepat, praktis (less-invasive), dan practical friendly.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease in cats caused by a mutated form of the feline coronavirus (FCoV), which belongs to the alphacoronavirus-1 subspecies. Feline infectious peritonitis tends to be fatal and can be transmitted to various types of cats, with quite high morbidity and mortality. Molecular methods using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can only detect the presence of FCoV in the sample. The immunocytochemistry (ICC) method can detect the presence of systemic and virulent FIPV, so the accuracy is higher compare with RT-PCR. This study aims to identify FIP effusive fluid based on its physical properties and cytological profile and to develop the ICC method as an alternative for an appropriate and practical diagnosis of FIP. This study used 20 samples of ascites from cat patients from various Veterinary Clinics in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. FIP suspicion is determined based on clinical symptoms of abdominal distention (ascites), Rivalta test, anti FCoV antibody test, and screening for the presence of the N gene via RT-PCR. Ascitic fluid in cats diagnosed with FIP is yellowish, thick, odorless, including exudate fluid with a specific gravity of 1.019-1.047. Ascites cytology results with 10% Giemsa staining found macrophage cells, monocytes, eosinophils, and mesothelial cells. The results of RT-PCR screening with the target of the N gene could be detected in 20 samples tested positive for FCoV. The results of the ICC test showed that 18 out of 20 samples tested positive for FIPV infection. ICC results showed the presence of FIPV virus particles in macrophage cells and monocytes which were interpreted to be brown in color. From the results of this study the ICC method can be used as an alternative diagnosis of effusive FIP cases in a precise, less-invasive and practically friendly manner.

Kata Kunci : kucing, FIP, asites, RT-PCR, ICC