PENGARUH SINTESIS CARBONATED HYDROXYAPATITE CANGKANG SOTONG (Sepia sp) SEBAGAI MATERIAL ALTERNATIF PENCEGAH RELAPSE ORTODONTI TERHADAP EKSPRESI RANK-RANKL (Studi in silico)

BONDAN SETYOKO, Dr. drg. Ananto Ali Alhasyimi, MDSc, Sp.Ort. ; drg. Paramita Noviasari, Sp.Ort (K)

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Prevalensi maloklusi di Indonesia, yaitu sekitar 80% dari jumlah penduduk. Hal tersebut menyebabkan kebutuhan akan perawatan ortodonti di Indonesia terus meningkat, tetapi keberhasilan perawatan ortodonti biasanya terganggu oleh terjadinya relapse. Proses relapse dan pergerakan gigi secara ortodonti menunjukkan pola seluler yaitu peningkatan proses diferensiasi osteoklas dipengaruhi adanya peningkatan fusi receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand (RANKL) yang berada pada permukaan prekursor osteoklas, ikatan antara RANKL dengan RANK akan menginisiasi diferensiasi prekursor osteoklas menjadi osteoklas matur secara cepat. Relapse dapat dicegah dengan CHA (carbonated hydroxyapatite). Unsur CaCO3 pada cangkang sotong dapat disintesis menjadi CHA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi cangkang sotong sebagai material CHA melalui hasil uji karakterisasi FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) dan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap RANK-RANKL dengan studi in silico. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara laboratoris dan studi in silico. Cangkang sotong diperoleh dari spesies yang sama, kemudian dikalsinasi menggunakan alat Muffle Furnace dengan suhu 10000C selama 5 jam. Proses kalsinasi menghasilkan CaO yang selanjutnya disintesis menjadi CHA. Uji FTIR dilakukan untuk memastikan hasil sintesis tersebut merupakan carbonated hydroxyapatite. Uji in silico dengan metode molecular docking juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui hasil nilai energi ikatan dan ikatan hidrogen CHA terhadap RANK-RANKL. Uji karakterisasi FTIR menunjukan hasil sintesis cangkang sotong memiliki bilangan gelombang senyawa hidroksil, fosfat, dan karbonat yang merupakan gugus fungsi carbonated hydroxyapatite. Kemudian hasil molecular docking menunjukan ikatan CHA terhadap RANKL tersebut dapat berjalan spontan dengan nilai afinitas energi sebesar -172,35 kkal/mol yang dapat mencegah terbentuknya aktivitas osteoklas berlebih ketika terjadi relapse. Interaksi CHA dengan RANKL merupakan interaksi kuat dan stabil karena banyaknya ikatan hidrogen yang terbentuk.

The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia is around 80% of the total population. This causes the need for orthodontic treatment in Indonesia to continue to increase, but the success of orthodontic treatment is usually disrupted by the occurrence of relapse. The process of relapse and orthodontic movement indicates a cellular pattern, which is the process of increasing osteoclast differentiation influenced by an increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand (RANKL) fusion on the surface of osteoclast precursors, bond between RANKL and RANK will initiates the rapid differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts. Relapse may be prevented with CHA (carbonated hydroxyapatite). CaCO3 element in cuttlefish shells can be synthesized into CHA. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of cuttlefish shells as CHA material through the FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) characterization test and to determine its effect on RANK-RANKL with an in silico study. This research was carried out in a laboratory and in silico study. Cuttlefish shells were obtained from the same species, then calcined using a Muffle Furnace at 1000°C for 5 hours. The calcination process produces CaO which was then synthesized into CHA. The FTIR test was carried out to ensure that the synthesis product was carbonated hydroxyapatite. In silico test with molecular docking method was also carried out to determine the results of the value of the bond energy and hydrogen bonding of CHA against RANK-RANKL. The FTIR characterization test indicated that the results of the cuttlefish shell synthesis had wave numbers of hydroxyl, phosphate, and carbonate compounds which were the functional groups of carbonate hydroxyapatite. Then the results of molecular docking denoted that CHA against RANKL can run spontaneously with an energy affinity value of -172.35 kcal/mol which prevents the formation of excess osteoclast activity when the relapse occurs. The interaction of CHA with RANKL is a strong and stable interaction because of the large amount of hydrogen formation.

Kata Kunci : relapse, RANK-RANKL, carbonated hydroxyapatite, cuttlefish shells, FTIR, molecular docking.