UJI POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAUN BINAHONG [Anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis.] TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Prevotella intermedia (kajian in vitro)

MEYTA M GIZELLA, drg. Hendrawati, M.Kes.; drg. Osa Amila Hafiyyah, MDSc., Sp.Perio(K)

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Periodontitis merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis pada jaringan pendukung gigi yang menyebabkan kerusakan progresif pada ligamen periodontal dan tulang alveolar. Prevotella intermedia diketahui memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan inisiasi dan perkembangan periodontitis. Binahong merupakan bahan herbal yang mempunyai efek antibakteri dengan kandungan senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri ekstrak etanolik daun binahong [Anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis.] terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Prevotella intermedia (kajian in vitro). Penelitian ini menggunakan daun binahong yang diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Cakram diskus yang telah direndam ekstrak etanolik daun binahong konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80%, klorheksidin 0,2% (kontrol positif), serta DMSO 5% (kontrol negatif) diletakkan pada permukaan media MHA yang telah ditanami suspensi bakteri P. intermedia (masing-masing lima sampel). Pengukuran zona hambat dilakukan setelah diinkubasi selama 1x24 jam pada suhu 37oC di dalam anaerobic jar. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANAVA satu jalur dan uji Post-Hoc dengan metode LSD. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa bahan uji (ekstrak etanolik daun binahong konsentrasi 80%, 40%, 20%, dan 10%, klorheksidin 0,2%, serta DMSO 5%) berpengaruh terhadap diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan Prevotella intermedia. Urutan diameter zona hambat terbesar ke terkecil yaitu klorheksidin 0,2%, ekstrak etanolik daun binahong konsentrasi 80%, 40%, 20, 10%, dan DMSO 5% (tidak terbentuk zona hambat). Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p<0.05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanolik daun binahong [Anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis.] memiliki potensi antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Prevotella intermedia (kajian in vitro).

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of teeth supporting tissues that causes progressive damage to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Prevotella intermedia is known to have a strong relationship with the initiation and development of periodontitis. Binahong is a herbal ingredient that has an antibacterial effect with active compounds in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial potential of the ethanolic extract of binahong leaf [Anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis.] against the growth of Prevotella intermedia (in vitro study). This study used binahong leaves extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was carried out using disk diffusion method. The paper disks were immersed in binahong leaf ethanolic extract with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%, chlorhexidine 0.2% (positive control), and DMSO 5% (negative control) then placed on the surface of MHA that was cultured with P. intermedia bacterial suspension (five folds for each group). The inhibition zone was measured after 24 hour of incubation process at 37oC in an anaerobic jar. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and Post-Hoc LSD test. The results of the analysis showed that the ethanolic extract of binahong leaves with concentrations of 80%, 40%, 20%, and 10%, 0.2% chlorhexidine, and 5% DMSO affected the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Prevotella intermedia. The largest of the diameter of the inhibition zone was 0.2% chlorhexidine, followed by the ethanolic extract of binahong leaf with concentrations of 80%, 40%, 20%, 10%, and 5% DMSO (no inhibition zones were formed). The results also showed that there was a significant difference between groups (p<0.05). In conlusion, the ethanolic extract of binahong leaf has antibacterial potential against the growth of Prevotella intermedia bacteria (in vitro study).

Kata Kunci : Daun binahong, P. intermedia, antibakteri, zona hambat