Uji Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (ten.) Steenis.] terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Fusobacterium Nucleatum (kajian in vitro)

SALSABIILA AULIA R., drg. Hendrawati, M. Kes;drg. Osa Amila Hafiyyah, MDSc., Sp. Perio(K)

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Periodontitis adalah penyakit multifaktorial pada jaringan pendukung gigi. Fusobacterium nucleatum menjadi penyebab periodontitis dan berperan menjembatani kolonisasi awal plak gigi dengan bakteri lain. Daun binahong [Anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis.] memiliki sifat antibakteri yaitu senyawa tanin, flavonoid, saponin, dan alkaloid untuk menghambat pertumbuhan F. nucleatum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri ekstrak etanolik daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum. Daun binahong diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak daun binahong tersebut dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Bahan uji penelitian terdiri atas 6 kelompok, masing masing terdiri dari ekstrak etanolik daun binahong konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80%, klorheksidin 0,2% sebagai kontrol positif, serta DMSO 5% sebagai kontrol negatif (masing-masing 5 sampel). Cakram kertas yang berisi bahan uji tersebut diletakkan pada media MHA yang telah diinokulasi suspensi bakteri F. nucleatum. Pertumbuhan bakteri dapat diamati melalui pengukuran diameter zona hambat setelah inkubasi suhu 37oC dengan anaerobic jar selama 1x24 jam menggunakan jangka sorong ketelitian 0,02 mm. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan Uji One-Way Anova dan Post Hoc dengan metode LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan zona hambat pada kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok ekstrak etanolik konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) diameter zona hambat antar kelompok kontrol positif dengan larutan ekstrak etanolik daun binahong konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80% sedangkan kelompok kontrol negatif tidak terdapat zona hambat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini, yaitu larutan ekstrak etanolik daun binahong memiliki potensi antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum (kajian in vitro).

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease on the tooth-supporting structure. Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of the periodontitis-causing bacteria that contributes to early tooth plaque colonization with other bacteria. Binahong leaf [Anredera cordifolia (ten.) steenis.] has tannin, flavonoid, saponin, and alkaloid which are antibacterial to inhibit F. nucleatum bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the binahong leaf ethanolic extract efficacy against Fusobacterium nucleatum bacterial growth. Binahong leaf was extracted through maceration using 70% ethanol solvent. The viscous binahong leaf extract’s antibacterial activity was tested through disc diffusion method. The research test material was comprised of 6 groups of binahong leaf ethanolic extract with 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% concentration, chlorhexidine 0,2% as positive control, and DMSO 5% as negative control (each group used 5 folds). Paper disc consisted of those test materials were put above MHA media which was initially inoculated with F. nucleatum bacterial suspension. Bacterial growth was observed through inhibitory zone diameter measurement using a 0,02 mm scale vernier caliper, after a 24 hours incubation process at 37oC temperature in anaerobic jar. The data result was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post-Hoc LSD. The result showed that there was an inhibitory zone on positive control group and 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% ethanolic extract groups. The analysis result showed that there was a significant difference (p<0,05) in inhibitory zone diameter of positive control group toward 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% binahong leaf ethanolic extract infusion, while the negative control group showed no inhibitory zone. It can be concluded that binahong leaf ethanolic extract infusion has antibacterial efficacy against Fusobacterium nucleatum bacterial growth (in vitro study).

Kata Kunci : Daun Binahong, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Antibakteri, Zona Hambat