Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Teluk Lamala Kabupaten Banggai Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

UMMU KALSUM, Sr. Ir. Ris Hadi Purwanto; Dr. Ir. Lies Rahayu WF, M.P.; Prof Dr. Ir. Sumardi, M.For

2022 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU KEHUTANAN

Pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Indonesia saat ini diarahkan kepada rehabilitasi karena banyaknya kawasan yang rusak sehingga jika kegiatan tersebut berhasil, diharapkan dapat mengembalikan fungsi ekologisnya untuk menyediakan jasa lingkungan bagi masyarakat sekitarnya dan bagi masyarakat yang berada di luar kawasan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Mengidentifikasi kerusakan antropogenik, memetakan jenis kerusakan serta mengetahui tekanan dan ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap hutan mangrove Teluk Lamala; 2) Mengidentifikasi jenis dan peran stakeholder dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Teluk Lamala; 3) Menyusun strategi pengelolaan dengan melibatkan masyarakat sekitar hutan dan seluruh stakeholder pada pengelolaan hutan mangrove Teluk Lamala. Pengungkapan persoalan dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove Teluk Lamala menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, review literatur dan analisis vegetasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan hutan mangrove Teluk Lamala disebabkan oleh aktivitas alih fungsi hutan mangrove menjadi pemukiman, sawah/lahan terbuka dan tambak. Pemetaan jenis kerusakan dilakukan pada empat desa lokasi penelitian dengan luas kerusakan masing-masing desa adalah 84,04 ha desa Kayutanyo, 59,34 ha desa Hunduhon, 225,47 ha desa Uwedikan dan 89,25 ha desa Bantayan. Pada analisis vegetasi ditemukan 13 jenis mangrove tersebar pada 211 plot pengamatan yang dilakukan pada 4 desa lokasi penelitian. Tekanan masyarakat terhadap hutan mangrove adalah pembukaan lahan tambak terus-menerus dan ketergantungan masyarakat khususnya nelayan terhadap hutan mangrove sangat tinggi sehingga diharapkan mangrove tetap dalam keadaan baik agar hasil tangkapan melimpah. Jenis dan peran stakeholder mulai dari pemerintah pusat, pemerintah provinsi dan kabupaten serta pemerintah desa, pihak swasta dan perguruan tinggi belum maksimal melaksanakan tupoksinya masing-masing. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada pemetaan stakeholder yang banyak pada posisi crowd dan hanya KPH Balantak dan BPDASHL Palu-Poso berada pada posisi key player. Stakeholder pada posisi crowd dapat ditingkatkan menjadi key player apabila KPH melibatkan para stakeholder berdasarkan tupoksinya untuk mengelola hutan mangrove Teluk Lamala dalam hal pemanfaatan kawasan, HHNK, jasa lingkungan dan ekowisata. Minimnya anggaran dari pemerintah pusat dan tidak adanya pendanaan APBD merupakan salah satu kelemahan dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove Teluk Lamala. Berdasarkan pendekatan SWOT, strategi prioritas pengelolaan hutan mangrove Teluk Lamala menggunakan strategi W-O yang meminimalkan kelemahan dan memanfaatkan peluang, dengan melibatkan seluruh stakeholder dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove Teluk Lama.

Mangrove forest management in Indonesia is currently directed at rehabilitation because many areas have been damaged so if the activity is successful, it is hoped that it will be able to restore its ecological function to provide environmental services for the surrounding community and for people who are outside the area. The aims of this study were: 1) Identify anthropogenic damage, map the types of damage and find out the pressure and dependence of the community on the mangrove forest of Lamala Bay; 2) Identify the types and roles of stakeholders in the management of mangrove forests in Lamala Bay; 3) Develop a management strategy by involving the community around the forest and all stakeholders in the management of the Lamala Bay mangrove forest. Disclosure of problems in the management of the Lamala Bay mangrove forest using qualitative and quantitative approaches through interview techniques, observation, literature review, and vegetation analysis. The results showed that the damage to the Lamala Bay mangrove forest was caused by the activity of converting the function of the mangrove forest into settlements, rice fields/open land, and ponds. Mapping of the types of damage was carried out in four research location villages with the area of damage in each village being 84.04 ha in Kayutanyo village, 59.34 ha in Hunduhon village, 225.47 ha in Uwedikan village and 89.25 ha in Bantayan village. In the vegetation analysis, 13 mangrove species were found spread over 211 observation plots in 4 research location villages. Community pressure on mangrove forests is the continuous clearing of ponds and the dependence of the community, especially fishermen on mangrove forests, is very high so the mangroves are expected to remain in good condition so that the catch is abundant. The types and roles of stakeholders starting from the central government, provincial and district governments as well as village governments, the private sector, and universities have not optimally implemented their respective duties and responsibilities. This is shown in the mapping of stakeholders where many are in the crowd position and only KPH Balantak and BPDASHL Palu-Poso are in key player positions. Stakeholders in the crowd position can be increased to become key players if the FMU involves stakeholders based on their duties and functions to manage the Lamala Bay mangrove forest in terms of area utilization, non-wood forest products, environmental services, and ecotourism. The lack of a budget from the central government and the absence of APBD funding is one of the weaknesses in the management of the Lamala Bay mangrove forest. Based on the SWOT approach, the priority strategy for managing the Lamala Bay mangrove forest uses the W-O strategy which minimizes weaknesses and takes advantage of opportunities, by involving all stakeholders in the management of the Lamala Bay mangrove forest.

Kata Kunci : hutan mangrove, strategi pengelolaan;mangrove forest, management strategy