Analisis Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Perawat Di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Jenderal Ahmad Yani Kota Metro Tahun 2022

MUKHAYATUN SHOLEHAH, dr. Agus Surono, Ph.D, M.Sc.,Sp.T.H.T.K.L(K) ; Vena Jaladara SKM, MPH.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar belakang: Perawat adalah salah satu tenaga medis yang sering berhubungan langsung dengan pasien untuk merawat pasien. IGD merupakan salah satu fasilitas yang terdapat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Jenderal Ahmad Yani. Aktivitas di IGD memerlukan penanganan yang cepat sehingga perawat IGD berisiko terkena bahaya biologi berupa tertular penyakit infeksi. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja terhadap potensi bahaya biologi pada perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Jenderal Ahmad Yani Kota Metro. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Analisis risiko menggunakan standard AS/NZS 4360;1999 dengan teknik kualitatif dan tabel HIRARC. Hasil: Perawat mendapat pelatihan Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) dalam program in house training, fasilitas yang disediakan terkait PPI diantaranya sarana kebersihan tangan, alat pelindung diri, sterilisasi peralatan, pembuangan limbah, peyimpanan linen, tes antigen, dan pemisahan tempat pasien. Pengawasan dilakukan melalui audit internal dan audit eksternal serta telah dilakukan pelaporan insiden tertusuk jarum dan kasus covid-19. Hasil identifikasi bahaya biologi pada perawat diketahui terdapat 16 tindakan berpotensi bahaya biologi menularkan penyakit infeksi dari exposure virus atau bakteri pasien yang bisa jadi ditularkan melalui aerosol, droplet, darah, air liur, feses, cairan tubuh dan lain sebagainya. Hasil Penilaian risiko didapatkan 3 risiko tinggi, 8 risiko sedang dan 11 risiko rendah. Kesimpulan: Perawat telah menerima pelatihan, fasilitas dan pengawasan sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi. 3 risiko tinggi yaitu risiko cedera tertusuk jarum ketika memberikan injeksi, tindakan menjahit luka dan memasang infus. Pengendalian risiko telah mengacu hierarki pengendalian.

Background: Nurses are one of the medical personnel who often deal directly with patients to take care of the patient. The emergency room is one of the facilities at the Jenderal Ahmad Yani Regional General Hospital. Activities in the ER require rapid treatment so that ER nurses at risk of being exposed to biological hazards in the form of contracting infectious diseases. Objective: Study aims to analyze the risks of occupational safety and health on the potential for biological hazards to nurses in the Emergency Installation of Jenderal Ahmad Yani Regional General Hospital at Metro City. Methods: This study is a qualitative research with a case study design. The risk analysis using the AS/NZS 4360:1999 standard with qualitative techniques and the HIRARC table. Results: Nurses receive Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) training in house training program, the available facilities related to infection prevention and control including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, equipment sterilization, waste disposal, linen storage, antigen testing, and separation of patients. Supervision is carried out through internal audits and external audits and has been done reports of needle stick incidents and covid-19 cases. The results of the biological hazard identification of nurses revealed that there were 16 potentially biological hazard actions of transmitting infectious diseases from exposure to viruses or bacteria of patients which could be transmitted through aerosols, droplets, bloods, salivas, feces, body fluids at all. The results of the risk assessment obtained 3 levels of high risk, 8 levels of moderate risk and 11 levels of low risk. Conclusion: Nurses have received training, facilities and supervision as an effort to prevent and control infection. 3 of high risk, namely the risk of needle stick injuries when giving injections, sewing wounds and installing infusions. Risk control has referred to the control hierarchy.

Kata Kunci : Analisis risiko, bahaya biologi, perawat, IGD / Risk analysis, biological hazard, nurse, emergency room