Assessing The Effect of Slum Upgrading on River Water Quality in Yogyakarta City

ENDAR ROHMADI, Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, M.A., Ph.D.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Kualitas air sungai menjadi masalah pengelolaan lingkungan perkotaan yang umumnya disebabkan oleh pencemaran air limbah domestik. Pencemaran ini merupakan akibat dari aktivitas warga pinggir sungai, khusunya area kumuh yang tidak memiliki cukup akses khususnya terhadap pengelolaan air limbah. Ketiadaan fasilitas sarana pengelolaan air limbah menyebabkan warga membuang air limbah nya secara langsung ke sungai dan menyebabkan kualitas air sungai menurun. Di Kota Yogyakarta, area kumuh berada di sekitar pinggir sungai. Indeks kualitas air menunjukkan penurunan yang menjadi indikasi bahwa kualitas air menurun. Meskipun, luasan area kumuh yang menjadi penyumbang pencemaran air turun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari perbaikan kawasan kumuh terhadap kualitas air sungai. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air sungai menurun pada musim kemarau. Uji korelasi menunjukkan korelasi positif antara kepadatan penduduk dengan bakteri coliform. Rasio area kumuh menunjukkan hubungan positif dengan BOD, COD, TSS, dan NH4-N. Korelasi positif juga terjadi antara jumlah Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah dan jumlah sambungan rumah ke Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah dengan PO4-P. Melalui pairwise test, didapatkan hasil bahwa parameter BOD, COD, TSS, pH dan NH-4N turun selama perbaikan kawasan kumuh. Dalam perhitungan Indeks Kualitas Air, digunakan 7 parameter kualitas air: BOD, COD, DO, TSS, PO4-P, and Fecal and Total Coliform. Perbaikan kawasan kumuh memiliki dampak pada penurunan parameter BOD, COD dan TSS. Sementara parameter PO4-P dan Coliform belum terkelola dengan maksimal selama perbaikan kawasan kumuh. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya perbaikan pengelolaan air limbah ditinjau dari desain Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah yang digunakan. Upaya perbaikan kawasan pinggir sungai akan lebih baik jika dikelola secara menyeluruh, sehingga penyediaan sarana sanitasi serta pengindahan kawasan pinggir sungai juga selaras dengan upaya perbaikan kualitas air sungai melalui perbaikan kawasan kumuh.

The urban environments have an issue with river water quality, often brought on by residential wastewater pollution. Residents of the riverbank, particularly those in slum neighborhoods with inadequate access, notably to wastewater management, are responsible for this pollution. The lack of wastewater management facilities forces residents to discharge their wastewater directly into rivers, causing river water quality to deteriorate. Slum areas are mainly situated along the river in Yogyakarta City. The water quality index has a downward trend, indicating that the water quality is degrading. However, slum areas that contribute to polluting the river from its untreated sewage have decreased in size since then. This study aims to ascertain whether slum upgrading effects river water quality. The analysis indicates that river water quality declined during the dry season. The correlation test also revealed a positive correlation between coliform bacteria and population density. BOD, COD, TSS, and NH4-N all positively correlated with the slum ratio. Additionally, PO4-P positively correlates with the number of WWTPs and residential connections to WWTPs. According to the Paired Test, BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and NH4-N parameters decreased throughout slum upgrading. Seven water quality parameters were considered for determining the WQI: BOD, COD, DO, TSS, PO4-P, and fecal and total coliform. BOD, COD, and TSS indicators decreased during slum upgrading. Nevertheless, the PO4-P and Coliform parameters have not been adequately handled throughout slum upgrading. Therefore, it is essential to enhance wastewater management regarding the preferred WWTP design. Efforts to improve riverbank areas will be more effective if handled entirely, so certain efforts to provide sanitary services and enhance the aesthetics of riverside areas through slum upgrading are also in line with efforts to improve river water quality.

Kata Kunci : Domestic Wastewater, River Pollution, River Water Quality, Slum, Urban Planning