PENGARUH AKSES AIR DAN SANITASI RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN ANAK DI INDONESIA

FATHONY IBNU P, Samsubar Saleh, Prof. Dr., M.Soc.Sc.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU EKONOMI

Kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia mengenai penanggulangan stunting mulai gencar dilakukan dan menempati posisi prioritas. Sayangnya, kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut sebagian besar dilakukan melalui instrumen sosialisasi serta program perbaikan gizi melalui bantuan tambahan makanan. Kebijakan pengurangan stunting melalui perbaikan akses air dan sanitasi di Indonesia masih sangat sedikit jumlahnya terbukti dari rata-rata sampel pada data, dimana hanya 91% sampel yang menggunakan toilet layak. Padahal menurut UNICEF hampir 25 juta orang di Indonesia tidak menggunakan toilet. Di sisi lain, penelitian yang meneliti bagaimana pengaruh akses air dan sanitasi rumah tangga terhadap peningkatan kesehatan anak di bawah lima tahun (balita) belum banyak ditemukan, sebagian besar penelitian melakukan studi dengan sampel ibu hamil serta anak yang baru lahir. Berangkat dari alasan tersebut penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) gelombang 4 dan 5 yang dikumpulkan dengan metode pooled cross section untuk menganalisis hubungan antara akses air bersih dan sanitasi rumah tangga terhadap peningkatan kesehatan anak usia 0-60 bulan di Indonesia menggunakan model binary responses dengan metode Probit. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa akses air bersih dan akses toilet layak terbukti memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan probabilitas anak terkena stunting. Rumah tangga yang memiliki akses air bersih layak (variabel akses air bersih bernilai 1) akan menurunkan probabilitas anak terkena stunting (variabel stunting bernilai 1) hingga 0,3 butir persentase dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki akses air bersih layak (variabel akses air bersih bernilai 0). Rumah tangga yang memiliki akses toilet layak (toilet bernilai 1) akan meningkatkan probabilitas anak terkena stunting (stunting bernilai 1) sebesar 1,2 butir persentase dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki akses toilet layak (variabel toilet bernilai 0). Pada regresi OLS variabel HAZ diperoleh hasil yang sedikit berbeda dengan estimasi probit. Rumah tangga yang memiliki akses air bersih (air bersih bernilai 1) akan meningkatkan HAZ sebesar 7.675 dibandingkan rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki akses air bersih (air bersih bernilai 0).

The Indonesian government's policy regarding stunting prevention has begun to be intensively carried out and occupies a priority position. Unfortunately, most of these policies are carried out through socialization instruments and nutrition improvement programs through additional food assistance. Policies to reduce stunting through improving access to water and sanitation in Indonesia are still very few in number, as evidenced by the average sample in the data, where only 91% of the sample uses proper toilets. According to UNICEF nearly 25 million people in Indonesia do not use toilets. On the other hand, there have not been many studies examining the effect of household access to water and sanitation on improving the health of children under five years of age (toddlers), most of the research conducted studies with samples of pregnant women and newborns. Departing from this reason, this study used secondary data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) batches 4 and 5 which were collected using the pooled cross section method to analyze the relationship between access to clean water and household sanitation on improving the health of children aged 0-60 months in Indonesia using model binary responses with the Probit method. In this study it was found that access to clean water and access to proper toilets was proven to have an effect on reducing the probability of children being stunted. Households that have access to proper clean water (variable access to clean water has a value of 1) will reduce the probability of a child being stunted (variable has a value of 1) up to 0.3 percentage points compared to households that do not have access to clean water (variable access to clean water worth 0). Households that have access to a proper toilet (toilet score 1) will increase the probability of a child being stunted (stunting value 1) by 1.2 percentage points compared to households that do not have access to a proper toilet (toilet variable score 0). In the HAZ variable OLS regression results are slightly different from the probit estimate. Households that have access to clean water (clean water has a value of 1) will increase their HAZ by 7,675 compared to households that do not have access to clean water (clean water has a value of 0).

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci : Stunting, Height for age (HAZ), Akses air bersih dan Toilet, Binary Responses Model, Probit.