FENOLOGI PERTUMBUHAN PUCUK TIGA KLON TEH (Camellia sinensis L.) TAHUN PANGKAS KEDUA PADA PERIODE MUSIM HUJAN DI KETINGGIAN TEMPAT 1200 M

ASTRIANI FAIZAH, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P., M.P., Ph.D

2022 | Skripsi | S1 AGRONOMI

Fenologi pada tanaman teh merupakan suatu kajian ilmu tentang pengaruh kondisi lingkungan terhadap periode fase-fase perkembangan tanaman. Fenologi dapat dikuantifikasikan melalui konsep derajat hari pertumbuhan (DHP). Penelitian bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui fenologi pertumbuhan pucuk tiga klon teh saat TP 2 di ketinggian tempat 1200 m dpl pada periode musim hujan dan 2) mengembangkan metode penentuan waktu panen pucuk yang tepat berdasarkan nilai DHP pada masing-masing klon teh saat TP 2 pada periode musim hujan di ketinggian tempat 1200 m dpl untuk mendapatkan pucuk mutu medium dan bobot maksimum. Percobaan lapangan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan klon teh sebagai perlakuan. Klon teh yang diuji ada tiga yaitu TRI 2024, TRI 2025 dan Gambung 7. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel cuaca mikro di lokasi kajian dan fenologi klon-klon teh. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis varian (ANOVA) pada alfa 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji HSD Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenologi pertumbuhan pucuk tiga klon teh berbeda nyata pada tiga klon teh. Rata-rata umur pecah mata tunas pada klon TRI 2025, TRI 2024, dan Gambung 7 berturut-turut sebesar 28,4 hari, 30,36 hari, dan 34,88 hari. Rata-rata umur panen pada klon TRI 2025, TRI 2024, dan Gambung 7 Berturut-turut sebesar 58 hari, 59 hari, dan 63 hari. Nilai derajat hari pertumbuhan (DHP) untuk mencapai mutu medium berbeda nyata antara klon TRI 2025, TRI 2024, dan Gambung 7 berturut-turut sebesar 495 derajat C hari, 503,5 derajat C hari, dan 537 derajat C hari.

Phenology in tea plants is a scientific study of the influence of environmental conditions on the period of plant development phases. Phenology can be quantified through the concept of growing degree days (GDD). The objectives of research were to 1) determine shoot growth phenology of three tea clones at second prunning year stage, in rainy season at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level and 2) develop a method to determine the appropriate shoot harvest time based on the GDD value of each tea clone at TP 2 in the TP 2 period. rainy season at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level, to obtain medium quality and maximum shoot weight. Field experiment was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with tea clones as treatment. The three clones tested were TRI 2024, TRI 2025 an,d Gambung 7. Observations were made on several variables of micro weather at research site and shoot phenological behavior of tea clones. Data obtained were then analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were significant differences among treatment followed by Tukey test at alpha 5%. The results showed that the shoot growth phenology of the three tea clones was significantly different in the three tea clones tested. The average shoot bud breaking age of clones TRI 2025, TRI 2024, and Gambung 7 were 28.4 days, 30.36 days, and 34.88 days, respectively. The average shoot harvest age for TRI 2025, TRI 2024, and Gambung 7 were 58 days, 59 days, and 63 days, respectively. The GDD to achieve medium quality were significantly different amongs TRI 2025, TRI 2024, and Gambung 7, respectively, at 495 degree C days, 503.5 degree C days, and 537 degree C days.

Kata Kunci : DHP, fenologi, klon, dan mutu pucuk medium