KAJIAN SPASIAL TEKANAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP DAYA DUKUNG LAHAN PERTANIAN SAWAH DI KABUPATEN BANTUL

TRI UTAMI SETYAWATI, Dr. Rika Harini, S.Si., M.P

2022 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI LINGKUNGAN

Kabupaten Bantul mengalami perkembangan wilayah yang cukup pesat dengan jumlah penduduk semakin meningkat sehingga pembangunan terus dilakukan. Pembangunan wilayah di Kabupaten Bantul pada bagian utara yang berbatasan langsung dengan kota Yogyakarta mengalami pembangunan lebih pesat dibandingkan dengan wilayah bagian selatan yang berpotensi terlampauinya ambang batas daya dukung lahan terutama lahan sawah padi. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini antara lain: (1) mengetahui perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bantul (2) mengetahui variasi spasial tekanan penduduk terhadap lahan pertanian sawah padi di Kabupaten Bantul serta (3) mengetahui variasi spasial daya dukung lahan pertanian sawah padi di Kabupaten Bantul. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis spasial. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder periode 6 tahun (2014-2019) serta data primer hasil wawancara mendalam dengan Dinas Pertanian dan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda). Pengolahan data didapatkan dengan melakukan perhitungan laju alih fungsi lahan pertanian, perhitungan nilai daya dukung lahan pertanian sawah serta tekanan penduduk terhadap lahan pertanian yang disajikan ke dalam tabel dan grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa luas lahan pertanian sawah Kabupaten Bantul mengalami penurunan luas lahan selama tahun 2014-2019 sebesar 272,1 Ha disebabkan salah satunya alih fungsi lahan pertanian diikuti dengan peningkatan luas lahan terbangun sebesar 966 Ha. Nilai daya dukung lahan pertanian padi wilayah Kabupaten Bantul terbagi berada di Kelas I dan Kelas III. Kecamatan dengan nilai daya dukung lahan kelas I mampu berswasembada pangan dan tidak terjadi tekanan penduduk terhadap lahan pertanian terdapat di delapan kecamatan. Sebaliknya, terdapat tujuh kecamatan di kelas III yang belum mampu berswasembada pangan dan mengalami tekanan penduduk terhadap lahan pertanian terutama di pinggiran Kota Yogyakarta meliputi Kecamatan Banguntapan, Kecamatan Sewon, dan Kecamatan Kasihan. Kecamatan Imogiri mengalami perubahan klasifikasi nilai daya dukung lahan dimana tahun 2014-2016 belum mampu melakukan swasembada pangan (kelas III) namun di tahun 2017-2019 mampu melakukan swasembada pangan (kelas I) salah satunya disebabkan oleh meningkatnya luas panen dan produktivitas lahan pertanian.

Bantul Regency is experiencing a fairly rapid regional development with an increasing population, so growth continues. Regional expansion in the northern part, directly adjacent to the city of Yogyakarta, has developed more rapidly than in the southern region, which has the potential to exceed the land's carrying capacity, especially rice paddy fields. Therefore, the objectives of this study include: (1) knowing changes in agricultural land use, (2) knowing the spatial variation of population pressure on rice paddy farmland, and (3) knowing the spatial variation of the carrying capacity of paddy agricultural land in Bantul Regency. This research uses quantitative and qualitative methods with descriptive analysis and spatial analysis. The data are secondary data for six years (2014-2019) and primary data from in-depth interviews with the Agriculture Service and the Regional Development Planning Agency Bantul Regency. Data processing is obtained by calculating the rate of conversion of agricultural land, calculating the carrying capacity of paddy fields, and population pressure on agricultural land, which are presented in tables and graphs. The results showed that the area of agricultural land in Bantul Regency experienced a decrease in the land area during 2014-2019 by 272,1 Ha due to one of them being the conversion of agricultural land followed by an increase in the area of built-up land by 966 Ha. The value of the carrying capacity of rice farming in the Bantul Regency is divided into Class I and Class III. Districts with a class I land carrying capacity can be self-sufficient in food, and there is no population pressure on agricultural land in eight sub-districts. On the other hand, there are seven sub-districts in class III that have not been able to be self-sufficient in food and have experienced population pressure on agricultural land, especially on the outskirts of Yogyakarta, including Banguntapan, Sewon, and Kasihan sub-districts. Imogiri Subdistrict experienced a change in the classification of the land's carrying capacity. In 2014-2016 it could not be self-sufficient in food (class III), but in 2017-2019 it was able to carry out food self-sufficiency (class I), one of which was due to the increase in harvested area and productivity of agricultural land.

Kata Kunci : Konversi lahan, Tekanan Penduduk, Daya dukung Lahan