APLIKASI Trichoderma harzianum UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN TIGA PENYAKIT PENTING PADA TANAMAN CABAI

ALIEFHA RETTANIA, Dr. Ir. Arif Wibowo, M.Agr.Sc

2022 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Cabai merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan diberbagai agroekosistem. Permintaan konsumen akan cabai cukup tinggi. Kendala dalam budidaya cabai berdampak pada tidak terpenuhinya permintaan konsumen. Salah satunya disebabkan oleh penyakit karena jamur, bakteri, dan virus. Penyakit utama yang menginfeksi yaitu antraknosa (Colletotrichum spp.), layu fusarium (Fusarium sp.), layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), dan keriting kuning (Begomovirus). Salah satu pengendalian penyakit yang bersifat ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan agens hayati Trichoderma harzianum. Agens hayati T. harzianum bersifat antagonis dan dapat menghambat perkembangan patogen penyebab penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian agens hayati T. harzianum dalam mengendalikan beberapa penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu RAKL (Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu TH0 (tanpa Trichoderma harzianum), TH5 (T. harzianum 5 gram/lubang tanam), TH10 (T. harzianum 10 gram/lubang tanam), TH15 (T. harzianum 15 gram/lubang tanam), dan TH20 (T. harzianum 20 gram/lubang tanam). Produk T. harzianum yang digunakan diperoleh dari Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama Penyakit Tanaman (LPHPT) DIY. Pengamatan insidensi penyakit dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil analisis data ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT, perlakuan perbedaan dosis T. harzianum menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata terhadap insidensi penyakit layu fusarium. Pada insidensi penyakit keriting kuning dan antraknosa menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata. Aplikasi T. harzianum terhadap parameter pengamatan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman cabai menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan yang dilakukan.

Chili is one of the leading commodities in various agroecosystems. Consumer demand for chili is quite high. Constraints in chili cultivation have an impact on non-fulfillment of consumer demand. One of them is caused by diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The main infecting diseases are anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), fusarium wilt (Fusarium sp.), bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), and yellow curly (Begomovirus). One of the environmentally friendly disease control methods is the use of the biological agent Trichoderma harzianum. The biological agent T. harzianum is antagonistic and can inhibit the development of disease-causing pathogens. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the biological agent T. harzianum in controlling several important diseases in chili plants. The experimental design used in this study was RAKL (Completely Randomized Block Design) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were TH0 (without T. harzianum), TH5 (T. harzianum 5 grams/planting hole), TH10 (T. harzianum 10 grams/planting hole), TH15 (T. harzianum 15 grams/planting hole), and TH20 (T. harzianum 20 grams/planting hole). The T. harzianum product used was obtained from the Plant Disease Pest Observation Laboratory (LPHPT) DIY. Observation of disease incidence was carried out 5 times. The results of ANOVA data analysis and DMRT follow-up test, treatment with different doses of T. harzianum showed significantly different results on the development of fusarium wilt disease. In the incidence of yellow curls and anthracnose, the results were not significantly different. The application of T. harzianum to the observation parameters of chili plant growth and productivity showed results that were not significantly different from all observed parameters.

Kata Kunci : Cabai, Layu fusarium, Keriting Kuning, Antraknosa, Trichoderma harzianum