Permintaan Beras di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

FATKHUL MU'AWANAH, Arini Wahyu Utami, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Abi Pratiwa Siregar, S.P., M.Sc.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 EKONOMI PERTANIAN DAN AGRIBISNIS

Beras merupakan pangan pokok yang dikonsumsi oleh sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia. Sehubungan dengan peran strategis tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) permintaan beras di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) pada masa sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 pada berbagai tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga, (2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan beras di DIY pada masa sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19, dan (3) elastisitas permintaan beras di DIY pada masa sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Data yang digunakan berasal dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) tahun 2019 dan 2021, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Mann Whitney Test dan Regresi Robust Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat beda nyata permintaan beras di antara sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19, baik pada tingkat pendapatan rendah, sedang, maupun tinggi. Selanjutnya, harga beras, ayam dan mi instan, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan masa pandemi Covid-19 berpengaruh positif, sedangkan harga telur dan tempe, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh negatif terhadap permintaan beras. Ketika diuraikan pada masing-masing periode, pada tahun 2019, harga beras, ayam dan mi instan, dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga berpengaruh positif, sedangkan harga telur dan tempe, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh negatif. Lalu, pada tahun 2021, harga beras dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga berpengaruh positif, sedangkan harga mi instan, ayam, telur dan tempe, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh negatif. Terakhir, elastisitas permintaan beras pada masa sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 bersifat inelastis.

Rice is the staple food consumed by most Indonesian people. Due to this strategic role, this study aims to determine: (1) the demand for rice in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic at various levels of household income, (2) the factors that influence rice demand in Special Region of Yogyakarta before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, and (3) demand elasticity for rice in the Special Region of Yogyakarta before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data used is from the National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2019 and 2021, then analyzed using the Mann Whitney Test and Robust Least Square Regression. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the demand for rice between before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, both at low, medium, and high income levels. Furthermore, the prices of rice, chicken and instant noodles, the number of household members, and the Covid-19 pandemic had a positive effect, while the prices of eggs and tempe, and household income had a negative effect on rice demand. When described in each period, in 2019, the prices of rice, chicken and instant noodles, and the number of household members had a positive effect, while the prices of eggs and tempe, and household income had a negative effect. Then, in 2021, the price of rice and the number of household members had a positive effect, while the prices of instant noodles, chicken, eggs and tempe, and household income had a negative effect. Last, the demand elasticity for rice before and during the Covid-19 pandemic is inelastic.

Kata Kunci : Beras, Elastisitas Permintaan, Permintaan