ANALISIS DETERMINAN DAYA SAING SEKTOR INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN: STUDI PADA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR TAHUN 2016-2021

RAHAYU HESTININGSIH, Prof. Catur Sugiyanto, M.A., Ph.D.

2022 | Tesis | Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

Globalisasi dan liberalisasi perdagangan, membawa dampak pada perdagangan internasional. Akibat dari keduanya, pola perdagangan berubah secara lebih cepat. Globalisasi perdagangan internasional membentuk integrasi dan juga turut meningkatkan persaingan internasional. Daya saing digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan suatu negara di dalam perdagangan internasional. Daya saing sebuah komoditi, ditentukan dari keunggulan komparatifnya. Keunggulan komparatif sebuah produk, dapat diukur dari revealed comparative advantage (RCA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing sektor industri pengolahan di Kaltim. Selain itu juga ingin melihat determinan daya saing sektor industri pengolahan di Provinsi Kaltim tahun 2016-2021. Analisis RCA digunakan untuk melihat daya saing sektor industri pengolahan dan analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk melihat determinan daya saing. Metode random effect model (REM) digunakan dalam analisis dimana generalize least square (GLS) dapat mengakomodir gejala heteroskedastisitas dan autokorelasi yang menyebabkan hasil penelitian tidak lagi best linier unbiassed estimator (BLUE). Berdasarkan analisis RCA, subsektor industri makanan, industri kayu, industri kimia, barang dari kimia dan farmasi serta industri mesin elektronik, alat kedokteran dan optik, menunjukkan indeks RCA>1 yang berarti subsektor ini memiliki daya saing sepanjang periode 2016-2021. Hasil penelitian dari analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa jumlah proyek yang tercipta dari investasi yang ditanamkan di Kaltim berpengaruh negatif signifikan bagi peningkatan daya saing sektor industri pengolahan. Produktivitas domestik yang tercermin dalam PDRB sektor industri pengolahan berpengaruh positif signifikan bagi peningkatan daya saing. Sedangkan variabel investasi berupa total realisasi PMA dan PMDN, harga ekspor dan tenaga kerja belum mampu meningkatkan daya saing sektor industri pengolahan di Kaltim.

Globalization and trade liberalization, have an impact on international trade. As a result of both, trading patterns change more rapidly. Globalization of international trade shapes integration and also increases international competition. Competitiveness is used to measure the success of a country in international trade. The competitiveness of a commodity is determined by its comparative advantage. The comparative advantage of a product can be measured from revealed comparative advantage (RCA). This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in East Kalimantan. In addition, it wants to see the determinants of the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in the province of East Kalimantan in 2016-2021. RCA analysis is used to see the competitiveness of the manufacturing subsector and multiple regression analysis is used to see the determinants of competitiveness. The random effect model (REM) method is used in the analysis where generalized least square (GLS) can accommodate the symptoms of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation which causes the research results not be the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). Based on the RCA analysis, the subsector of food industry, wood industry, chemical industry, chemical, pharmaceutical goods as well as the electronic machinery industry, medical and optical equipment, shows an RCA index> 1 which means this subsector has competitiveness throughout the 2016-2021 period. The results of the multiple regression analysis show that the number of projects created from investments invested in East Kalimantan has a significant negative effect on increasing the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. Domestic productivity in manufacturing GDP has a significant positive effect on increasing competitiveness. While the investment variables in the form of the realization of total PMA and PMDN, export prices , labor have not been able to increase the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in East Kalimantan.

Kata Kunci : RCA, daya saing, investasi, harga, tenaga kerja, PDRB