Kajian Pencemaran Lingkungan di Perairan Danau Rawa Pening Kabupaten Semarang Provinsi Jawa Tengah

HANIFAH PUJA PRAKOSO, Dr. Sigit Heru Murti B.S, S.Si., M.Si.; Dr. Luthfi Muta'ali, S.Si., MSP

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Aktivitas manusia disekitar danau akan sangat mempengaruhi danau itu sendiri dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya air yang ada di danau. Perairan danau yang mengalami pencemaran merupakan masalah penting yang perlu mendapat perhatian dari bebagai pihak. Tujuan penelitan ini mengkaji tingkat pencemaran lingkungan di perairan Danau Rawa Pening, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan di perairan Danau Rawa Pening dan merumuskan strategi pengendalian pencemaran air di perairan Danau Rawa Pening. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan metode survei dan didukung oleh data sekunder. Penentuan lokasi sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penentuan lokasi sampel pada penelitian ini diutamakan pada perairan Danau Rawa Pening, serta daerah masuknya air sungai dari Sub-sub DAS ke perairan danau. Teknik analisis menggunakan metode kualitatif berupa analisis deskriptif dan metode kuantitatif berupa indeks pencemaran (IP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pencemaran lingkungan di perairan Danau Rawa Pening yaitu masuk dalam kategori Cemar Ringan, Cemar Sedang, dan Cemar Berat. Perhitungan tingkat pencemaran lingkungan berdasarkan hasil pengujian sampel air pada saat musim hujan, kondisi tingkat pencemaran air pada saat musim kemarau dapat berpotensi menjadi lebih tinggi dibanding pada saat musim hujan. Faktor - faktor yang menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan pada masing - masing kategori yaitu dari potensi sumber pencemar di daratan dan perairan. Faktor potensi sumber pencemar di daratan terdiri dari beberapa sektor yaitu hotel, industri, rumah sakit, peternakan, permukiman, dan pertanian. Sedangkan faktor potensi sumber pencemar di perairan terdiri dari kegiatan keramba, warung apung, dan wisata. Upaya strategi pengendalian pencemaran lingkungan dilakukan dengan pertanian berkelanjutan, pengaturan sempadan sungai dan danau, penyuluhan pengendalian pencemaran air setiap sektor sumber pencemar secara periodik, pengolahan limbah, pembatasan kegiatan perairan danau, pengendalian sedimentasi, pembentukan basis data kondisi perairan danau, dan pembentukan pengelola Sub-sub DAS.

Human activities around the lake will greatly affect the lake itself in utilizing the water resources in the lake. Polluted lake waters are an important problem that needs attention from various parties. The purpose of this research is to examine the level of environmental pollution in the waters of Lake Rawa Pening, analyze the factors that cause environmental pollution in the waters of Lake Rawa Pening and formulate strategies for controlling water pollution in the waters of Lake Rawa Pening. The research method uses a survey method approach and is supported by secondary data. Determination of the location of the sample in this study using purposive sampling method. Determination of the location of the sample in this study prioritized the waters of Lake Rawa Pening, as well as the area where river water enters from the sub-watersheds to the lake waters. The analysis technique uses qualitative methods in the form of descriptive analysis and quantitative methods in the form of pollution index (IP). The results showed that the level of environmental pollution in the waters of Lake Rawa Pening is included in the categories of Lightly Polluted, Medium Polluted, and Heavy Polluted. The calculation of the level of environmental pollution is based on the results of testing water samples during the rainy season, the condition of the level of water pollution during the dry season can potentially be higher than during the rainy season. The factors that cause environmental pollution in each category are from potential sources of pollutants on land and waters. The potential sources of pollutants on land consist of several sectors, namely hotels, industry, hospitals, livestock, settlements, and agriculture. While the factors of potential sources of pollutants in the waters consist of cage activities, floating stalls, and tourism. Efforts to control environmental pollution strategies are carried out by means of sustainable agriculture, regulation of river and lake boundaries, periodic counseling on water pollution control for each pollutant source sector, waste treatment, limitation of lake water activities, sedimentation control, establishment of a database of lake water conditions, and establishment of sub-watershed managers.

Kata Kunci : Pencemaran Lingkungan, Pencemaran Air, Danau Rawa Pening