Peningkatan Respon Kekebalan Non Spesifik dan Ekspresi Gen Kekebalan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer) yang Diberi Alginat dan Multivitamin secara Oral

TRIKO ADITAMA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Alim Isnansetyo, M.Sc; Indah Istiqomah, S.Pi., M.Si., Ph.D

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU PERIKANAN

Pemberian alginat dan multivitamin pada kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) dapat membantu meningkatkan kesehatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian alginat, multivitamin, dan kombinasinya terhadap respon kekebalan non-spesifik, gen terkait kekebalan (TNF-alfa dan IL-1beta) dan resistensi terhadap infeksi patogen Vibrio harveyi BT1H. Ikan kakap putih berukuran ±10 cm dipelihara pada bak berukuran 300 liter sejumlah 15 ekor tiap bak selama 10 hari aplikasi perlakuan lalu dilanjutkan uji tantang dengan bakteri V.harveyi BT1H kepadatan 108 CFU/ml yang diisolasi dari kakap putih yang menunjukan gejala dari sekitar area penelitian selama 14 hari. Lima perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan yaitu (T0) kelompok kontrol, (T1) 3 g alginat / kg pakan, (T2) 2 g multivitamin / kg pakan, (T3) 1,5 g alginat + 1 g multivitamin / kg pakan, (T4) 0,75 g alginat + 0,5 g multivitamin / kg pakan dan (T5) 0,375 g alginat + 0,25 g multivitamin / kg pakan diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Parameter kekebalan tubuh non-spesifik seluler yang diamati adalah aktivitas fagositosis, indeks fagositosis, hematokrit, leukokrit, NBT test, dan kekebalan tubuh non-spesifik humoral yang terdiri atas superoksida dismutase (SOD), aktivitas lisozim, dan total protein plasma (TPP). Ekspresi gen kekebalan tubuh yang diamati adalah IL1-Beta dan TNF-Alfa. Ekspresi gen terkait kekebalan tubuh diperiksa menggunakan Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Selama uji tantang parameter kelulushidupan dan Relative Percent Survival (RPS) diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian multivitamin 1,5 g alginat + 1 g meningkatkan aktivitas NBT, aktivitas superoksida dismutase, aktivitas lisozim, ledakan respirasi, dan ekspresi gen TNF-Alfa dan IL1-Beta. Uji tantang yang dilakukan setelah uji coba pemberian pakan selama 14 hari menunjukkan bahwa 1,5 g alginat + 1 g multivitamin dengan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup harian sebesar 25,15% serta dapat meningkatkan relative percent survival (RPS) terhadap infeksi V. harveyi BT1H sebesar 32,17±3,36%.

The administration of alginate and multivitamins to asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) could improve its health. This study aims to evaluate the effect of alginate administration, multivitamins, and their combinations on non-specific immune responses, immune-related genes (TNF-Alfa and IL-Beta), and resistance to infection of the pathogen Vibrio harveyi BT1H. Asian seabass about ±10 cm in length were reared in 300-liter tanks that consist of 15 fishes per tanks for 10 days of treatment application and then continued challenge with V.harveyi BT1H bacteria with a density of 108 CFU / ml isolated from moribund asian seabass around the study area for 14 days. Five treatments with 3 repeats namely (T0) control group, (T1) 3 g alginate/kg feed, (T2) 2 g multivitamin/kg feed, (T3) 1.5 g alginate + 1 g multivitamin, (T4) 0.75 g alginate + 0.5 g multivitamin and (T5) 0.375 g alginate + 0.25 g multivitamin were applied in this study. The observed cellular non-specific immune parameters were phagocytic activity, phagocytosis index, hematocrit, leucocrit, NBT test, and humoral non-specific immunity consisting of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme activity, and total plasma protein (TPP). The observed expression of immune genes is IL1-Beta and TNF-Alfa. The expression of immune-related genes was examined using Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). During the challenge test, survival rate and Relative Percent Survival (RPS) were observed. The results showed that multivitamin administration of 1.5 g alginate plus 1 g multivitamin increased NBT activity, superoxide dismutase activity, lysozyme activity, respiration explosion, and expression of the TNF-Alfa and IL1-Beta genes. Challenge trials conducted after a 14-day feeding trial showed that 1.5 g of alginate + 1 g of multivitamins by increasing survival rate by 25.15% and increase Relative Percent Survival (RPS) against V. harveyi BT1H infection by 32.17±3.36%.

Kata Kunci : Lates calcarifer, Alginat, Kekebalan Non-Spesifik, Ekspresi Gen Kekebalan tubuh, Vibrio harveyi BT1H.