Perjalanan menuju terbitnya Matahari :: Biografi Goenawan Mangoenkoesoemo (1889-1929)

MAZIYAH, Siti, Prof.Dr. Djoko Suryo

2003 | Tesis | S2 Sejarah

Tujuan penelitian pada tesis ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan kondisi pemuda-pemuda Hindia (Indonesia) pada awal abad keduapuluh tehadap masalah pemahaman kebangsaan melalui salah satu tokoh pergerakan nasional yang bemama Goenawan Mangoenkoesoemo. Munculnya kesadaran terhadap rasa kebangsaan ini dipicu oleh adanya diskriminasidiskriminasi dan perbedaan antara priyayi dan rakyat yang semakin tajam, serta adanya penerapan politik etis, terutama bidang pendidikan. Sistem pendidikan yang masih terbatas itu ternyata telah membuka wawasan pemuda-pemuda STOVIA untuk bergerak mempejuangkan nasib rakyat agar menjadi manusia yang mempunyai kehidupan yang pantas. Penulisan biografi memerlukan memahami dan mendalami kepribadian tokoh serta dituntut mengetahui latar belakang lingkungan sosio kultural di tempat tokoh itu dibesarkan, bagaimana proses pendidikan formal dan informal yang dialaminya, serta watak-watak orang yang ada di sekitamya. Untuk menyelami mentalitas seorang tokoh diperlukan analisis psikologis dan sering pula psikoanalitis, agar segi emosional, moral, dan rasionalnya lebih tampil. Diperlukan juga interpretasi cara persepsi dan konsepsinya, pandangan hidup, orientasi intelektualnya, yang kesemuanya itu hanya dapat terungkap jika tersedia data yang cukup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pejalanan kesadaran kebangsaan Goenawan Mangoenkoesuemo itu dipengaru hi oleh pendidikan yang diterimanya yang memungkinkan baginya untuk memperluas wawasan sehingga dapat memahami kondisi rakyat yang tertinggal. Pejumpaanpejumpaannya dengan tokoh-tokoh sehalauan semakin mempedcuat keinginannya untuk mernpejuangkan nasib fakyat. Boedi Qetomo adalah wadah organisasi yang digunakan untuk mewujudkan cita-citanya.

Aim the research in this thesis was for uncovered Hindia’s youths condition in the beginning twentieth century about nationality comprehension problems through one of national movement figure, Goenawan Mangoenkoesoemo. The emerge consciousness at that nationality was revired by discriminations and differences of noblemans and people, and existence the ethical politics especially education. Limited of education system was open the conception of STOVIA’s youths to moved to struggle people in order to become reasonable life of man. Biographical writing was has need understood and steeped of figure’s personality, know sociocultural background where figure’s growed up, who formal and informal educational process, and characters of man in his circle. For penetrate figure’s mentalitet was has need of psychologic analitic and psycoanalitic. There were has need interpretation of his perception and conception, and his intelectual orientation, too. All of them can express if was found completely data. Output of research indicated that Goenawan Mangoenkoesoemo’s nationalism consciousness process was under the influenced of his education’ both his parenth’s education and his formal education, that made possible to him to extend perception of nationalism until understand common people’s condition. His father and his friends of the same course more and more strengthen his desire to struggle for people’s destiny. In the meanwhile his duty as a doctor, Goenawan was in fettered by his circle of cultural. His mind conflicts who look at the people condition who not appropriate with human values made him’ run away from his cultural. Boedi Oetomo was organization who his used to realize his aspiration, nevertheless, than he go out from that organization because he didn’t agree with his desire.

Kata Kunci : pendidikan, nasionalisme, organisasi, education, nationalism, organization