DINAMIKA KELEMBAGAAN KELOMPOK TANI HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN (HKm) DI KABUPATEN PAKPAK BHARAT SUMATERA UTARA

MUHTAR A MUNTHE, Prof. Dr. Ir. San Afri Awang, M.Sc.; Dr. Rohman, S.Hut., M.P.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEHUTANAN

Pelibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan merupakan bentuk perubahan paradigma pengelolaan hutan. Pelibatan masyarakat dibuktikan dengan kebijakan tentang Pengelolaan Perhutanan Sosial P.09/2021. Salah satu skema yang disediakan adalah Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm). Kelompok tani hutan masyarakat menjadi kelembagaan yang harus dikuatkan karena peranan dan fungsinya yang fundamental. Kelembagaan masyarakat harus fungsional dan mandiri agar akses pengelolaan sumber daya hutan yang dimiliki dapat dikelola sesuai dengan kepentingan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan interaksi dan dinamika kelembagaan kelompok tani hutan pemegang izin HKm. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi antara pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan teknik pengambilan data secara sensus dan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan wawancara, studi literatur dan observasi. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Aornakan 1, Desa Kuta Tinggi dan Desa Sibongkaras Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari 2022 sampai Mei 2022. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan melalui observasi, studi literatur dan wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan dengan responden sebanyak 88 orang yang merupakan seluruh anggota kelompok tani di tiga desa lokasi penelitian. Jawaban responden diberikan skor menggunakan skala likert dan selanjutnya diolah dalam bentuk tabulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi masyarakat dengan hutan di Desa Aornakan 1, Desa Kuta Tinggi dan Desa Sibongkaras dari penguasaan lahan dikuasai oleh Marga-Marga yang mendiami wilayah tersebut yang dalam bahasa Pakpak disebut Sukut Nitalun. Masyarakat masuk kedalam kawasan hutan karena memiliki motivasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan tambahan penghasilan untuk keluarga. Sumber pendapatan terbesar dalam rumah tangga anggota kelompok tani HKm adalah dari pertanian yaitu sebesar 74%. Penilaian keberlanjutan kelembagaan pemegang izin HKm pada Kelompok Pemuda Tani 68% anggota kelompok menyatakan baik, 29% cukup, dan 3% kurang baik. Kelompok Dos Ukur Mersada 4% anggota menyatakan sangat baik, 55% menyatakan baik, 37% cukup, dan 4% menyatakan kurang baik. Kelompok Njuah Njerdik 39% anggota menyatakan baik, 61% menyatakan cukup. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tani hutan belum maksimal, akan tetapi berpeluang sebagai wadah yang tepat dalam membangun hutan dan untuk memaksimalkan peranan tersebut membutuhan pendampingan, 82% responden mengatakan bahwa pendampingan belum maksimal dari pemerintah. Pemerintah harus serius dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat, tidak hanya mengejar kuantitas tapi juga kualitas.

Community involvement in forest management is a form of the forest management paradigm change, as evidenced by the policy on social forestry P.09/2021. One of the schemes provided is Community Forest. Farmer Community is an institution that must be strengthened because of its fundamental roles and functions. Community institutions must be functional and independent so that access to the management of forest resources owned can be managed in accordance with the interests of the community and carried out collectively. The purpose of this study is to explain the interaction and dynamics of forest farmer groups in Pakpak Bharat as Community Forest permit holders. This study uses mixed-method research. The quantitative approach uses census data collection techniques and the qualitative approach uses interviews, literature studies, and observations. This study was conducted in Aornakan 1 Village, Kuta Tinggi Village, and Sibongkaras Village, Pakpak Bharat Regency, North Sumatra Province from February 2022 until April 2022. Primary data collection was conducted through observation, literature study, and interviews. Interviews were conducted with 88 respondents who are all members of farmer groups in the three research villages. Respondents answers were scored using a Likert scale and then processed in tabulated form. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results showed that the interaction of the community with the forest in Aornakan 1 Village, Kuta Tinggi Village, and Sibongkaras Village from land tenure was controlled by clans that inhabit these areas where in Pakpak language it is called Sukut Nitalun. People enter the forest area because they have the motivation to meet the needs and additional income in the family. The largest source of income in the households of members of the farmer group is from agriculture, which is 74%. Assessment of the institutional sustainability of Community Forest permit holders in the Pemuda Tani Group are 68% of members said it was good, 29% was quite good, and 3% said it was not good. In the Dos Ukur Mersada group, there are 4% of members said it was very good, 55% of members said it was good, 37% was quite good, and 4% said it was not good. In the "Njuah Njerdik" group, there are 39% of members said it was good, and 61% said it was quite good. This study shows that the group has the opportunity to be the right forum in building forests and to maximize this role requires assistance, 82% of respondents said that assistance has not been maximized from the government. The government must be serious in empowering the people who hold permits, not only pursuing quantity but also quality.

Kata Kunci : hutan kemasyarakatan, dinamika, kelembagaan, pakpak bharat