Sintesis Senyawa 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-2-butanon secara Sonokimia serta Potensinya sebagai Atraktan Lalat Buah Hama

ALIFIA SARASWATI W, Dr. Deni Pranowo, S.Si., M.Si. ; Respati Tri Swasono, S.Si., M.Phil., Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Sintesis senyawa 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-2-butanon secara sonokimia serta uji potensi sebagai atraktan lalat buah hama dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membandingkan metode sintesis senyawa 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-2-butanon secara konvensional dan sonokimia, serta menguji senyawa hasil sintesis sebagai atraktan lalat buah hama. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui 3 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu reaksi brominasi terhadap 4-hidroksibenzaldehida dengan KBrO3 dan HBr pada suasana asam. Tahap kedua yaitu reaksi kondensasi aldol terhadap produk reaksi brominasi dengan aseton menggunakan katalis NaOH 20%. Tahap ketiga yaitu sintesis 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-2-butanon melalui reaksi reduksi produk kondensasi aldol dengan NaBH4 dan NiCl2.6H2O. Ketiga tahapan tersebut dilakukan melalui metode konvensional serta sonokimia. Produk hasil reaksi dianalisis dengan FT-IR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR, kemudian dilakukan uji potensi senyawa hasil sintesis sebagai atraktan lalat buah hama di lahan. Reaksi brominasi terhadap 4-hidroksibenzaldehida menghasilkan 3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksibenzaldehida berupa padatan berwarna putih dengan rendemen 91,1% dan kemurnian 100,0% melalui metode konvensional sedangkan melalui metode sonokimia diperoleh rendemen 95,6% dan kemurnian 100,0%. Reaksi kondensasi aldol terhadap 3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksibenzaldehida dengan aseton menghasilkan 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-3-buten-2-on berupa padatan berwarna kuning dengan rendemen 88,8% dan kemurnian 96,0% melalui metode konvensional sedangkan melalui metode sonokimia diperoleh rendemen 95,5% dan kemurnian 97,9%. Reaksi reduksi terhadap 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-3-buten-2-on menghasilkan 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-2-butanon berupa cairan berwarna kuning dengan rendemen 32,5% dan kemurnian 80,1% melalui metode konvensional sedangkan melalui metode sonokimia diperoleh rendemen 41,0% dan kemurnian 87,5%. Uji potensi sebagai atraktan lalat buah hama menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hidroksifenil)-2-butanon dapat memikat lalat buah.

Synthesis of 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone by sonochemistry and it's potential test as fruit flies attractant have been done. The purpose of the study was to compare the synthesis of 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone by conventionally and sonochemically method, also test the result as an attractant of the fruit fly. The synthesis was carried out in 3 stages. The first stage was the bromination reaction to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with KBrO3 and HBr under acidic conditions. The second stage was the aldol condensation reaction of the bromination reaction product with acetone using 20% NaOH catalyst. The third stage was the synthesis of 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone through the reduction reaction of the aldol condensation product with NaBH4 and NiCl2.6H2O. These 3 stages are carried out through conventional and sonochemistry method. The reaction products were analyzed by FT-IR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, then tested the potential of the synthesized compounds as attractants of fruit fly. The bromination reaction of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde produced 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as white powder with 91.1% yield and 100.0% purity through conventional method and 95.6% yield and 100.0% purity through sonochemical method. The aldol condensation reaction of 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde produced 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one as yellow powder with 88.8% yield and 96.0% purity through conventional methods and 95.5% yield and 97.9% purity through sonochemical methods. The reduction reaction of 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one produced 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone as yellow liquid with 32.5% yield and 80.1% purity through conventional methods and 41.0% yield and 87.5% purity through sonochemical methods. The 4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone attract fruit flies.

Kata Kunci : atraktan, lalat buah hama, sintesis, sonokimia