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Kajian Spasial Permasalahan Dan Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Gizi Balita Di Indonesia

LUCIA SANDRA BUDIMAN, Dr. Umi Listyaningsih, S.Si., M.Si.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER GEOGRAFI

Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang berpotensi mengalami masalah gizi berupa malnutrisi serta kurang gizi kronis yang ditandai oleh anak yang pendek atau stunting dan kurang gizi akut yang ditandai oleh anak yang kurus atau wasting. Masalah kekurangan gizi di Indonesia disertai dengan masalah kelebihan gizi yang ditandai oleh anak yang gemuk atau obesitas. Terjadi kesenjangan pencapaian pembangunan antar provinsi dimana pembangunan lebih dominan di Kawasan Barat Indonesia. Berbagai karakteristik yang berbeda setiap provinsinya dapat memiliki permasalahan gizi dan faktor pengaruh prevalensi gizi yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui permasalahan dan faktor yang memengaruhi gizi balita di Indonesia dalam analisis perbandingan antar ruang. Data sekunder dari instansi penyedia data diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Excel dan program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) serta dipetakan menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcGIS. Persebaran tingkat prevalensi masalah gizi balita dicapai melalui penentuan tingkat kategori prevalensi kemudian dipetakan. Selanjutnya, metode statistik uji regresi linier berganda dengan berbagai variabel yang diperkirakan memengaruhi digunakan dalam pengolahan data untuk mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhi permasalahan gizi balita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan gizi balita per provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2018 dalam analisis perbandingan antar ruang menunjukkan perbedaan tingkat prevalensi masalah gizi balita per provinsi namun dapat dilihat dominasi tingkat kategori per pulau di Indonesia. Keempat faktor terduga determinan yaitu Persentase Posyandu Aktif, Persentase bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif, persentase cakupan pelayanan diare balita dan persentase penduduk miskin semuanya terbukti signifikan memengaruhi namun berbeda-beda per permasalahan dan per provinsi yang berbeda

Indonesia as a developing country has the risk to have issues pertaining to malnutrition and chronic malnutrition, indicated by stunted children and acute malnutrition, characterized by children being underweight or wasting. The issue of undernutrition in Indonesia exists alongside excess nutrition, indicated by overweight or obesity in children. There is a developmental gap between provinces, attributed to the concentration of development toward the Western Regions of Indonesia. Different characteristics of each province result in differences in nutritional issues as well as the factors influencing nutritional prevalences. This study aims to identify the issues and factors affecting Indonesia's under-five nutrition in a comparative analysis between spaces. The data used are secondary data obtained from data provider agencies and are processed using Excel software and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program and the produced maps are processed using ArcGIS software. The distribution of the prevalence rate of under-five nutritional issues is achieved by determining categories according to the level of prevalence and presenting the acquired result on a map. In addition, the statistical method of multiple linear regression using various variables, which are considered to be of influence, is used in data processing to ascertain what factors that influence the nutritional issues of children under five years old. The result shows that Indonesia's under-five nutritional issues per province in 2018 in the analysis of the comparison between spaces, show differences in the prevalence of nutritional issues of children under five years old per province, however, the difference in the category is particularly eminent in comparison between Islands. The four factors predicted to be of influence, namely the Percentage of Active Posyandu, the percentage of infants who are exclusively breastfed, the percentage of coverage for under-five diarrhea services and the percentage of the population living in poverty, all proved to have a significant influence, although they differed per issue and per different province

Kata Kunci : balita, masalah gizi, prevalensi, regresi, ruang,under five, nutritional issues, prevalence, regression, space