Variasi Sapaan Orang Tua terhadap Anak dalam Keluarga Jawa di Wilayah Yogyakarta: Kajian Sosiolinguistik

ANNISA RAHMAWATI, Dr. Sulistyowati, M.Hum.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA JAWA

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bentuk sapaan orang tua terhadap anak dalam bahasa Jawa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk sapaan, makna referensial sapaan, serta faktor yang melatarbelakangi penggunaan sapaan orang tua terhadap anak dalam keluarga Jawa di wilayah Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan teori sosiolinguistik dan morfologi. Kajian ini dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan. Tahap pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyimak rekaman penggunaan sapaan orang tua terhadap anak tanpa sepengetahuan penutur, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan wawancara pada narasumber. Tahap analisis data dilakukan dengan metode agih atau distribusional, metode padan berupa metode padan referensial, dan padan pragmatis. Tahap penyajian hasil analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode informal yaitu penyajian yang diaplikasikan dalam bentuk uraian kata-kata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bentuk sapaan berupa sapaan berbentuk monomorfemis dan sapaan berbentuk polimorfemis. Bentuk sapaan monomorfemis berupa sapaan kekerabatan dan sapaan nama diri. Adapun bentuk sapaan polimorfemis terdapat sapaan kekerabatan sebagian disertai nama diri utuh, sapaan kekerabatan sebagian disertai nama diri sebagian, dan sapaan kekerabatan sebagian disertai kata penanda jenis kelamin. Berdasarkan makna referensial, sapaan diklasifikasikan menjadi sapaan bermakna referensial jenis kelamin, dan sapaan bermakna referensial usia disertai jenis kelamin. Adapun faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi penggunaan sapaan orang tua terhadap anak terbagi atas penutur, mitra tutur, tuturan, dan lingkungan tutur. Adapun faktor tuturan berisi warna emosi, maksud penutur, nada suasana bicara, sarana tutur, dan adegan tutur.

This research describes variation terms of address parents to children in Javanese family. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms of terms of address, referential meaning of those terms of address, as well as the factors behind the terms of address parents to children in the Javanese family in region of Yogyakarta by using theory of sociolinguistics and morphology. This research is conducted in three stages. First, the data collection stage is carried out by listening to the recording of the use of parental greetings to children without the knowledge of the speaker, then it is continued with interviews with speakers. Second, the data analysis is performed by distributional method, referential methods, and pragmatic methods. Third, the presentation of the results of the data analysis, is conducted through an informal method, that is applied in the form of a description in words. The results showed that there are forms of terms of address in the form of free morphemes. Monomorphemic form contains terms of address of kinship forms and self-names. Polymorphemic form includes a partial kinship term of address accompanied by a whole self-name, a kinship greeting partially accompanied by a partial self-name, and a kinship term of address partially accompanied by a gender marker word. Based on the referential meaning, the terms of address are classified into ones having these types of referential meaning: gendered, difference of age, gendered self-names, and the combination of the last two. There are factors behind the parents' terms of address to children such as personal O1, personal O2, speech, and speech environment. The speech factor comprises emotional color, speaker intention, tone of speech atmosphere, means of speech, and speech scene.

Kata Kunci : sapaan orang tua terhadap anak, morfologi, sintaksis, sosiolinguistik, komponen tutur, parents' terms of address to children, morphology, syntax, sociolinguistics, speech components