Prevalensi dan Intensitas Infeksi Anisakis (Anisakis spp.) Pada Ikan Selar Bentong (Selar crumenophthalmus) di Samudera Hindia Pantai Selatan Jawa

RIZKA FAUZIANA S, Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M.Si.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Murwantoko, M.Si.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui infeksi larva Anisakis (nematoda) pada ikan selar bentong (Selar crumenophthalmus) di Samudera Hindia Pantai Selatan Jawa. Total 498 sampel ikan diambil dari Pantai Selatan Jawa Timur, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Barat. Setiap sampel diukur panjang total dan beratnya, kemudian diamati infeksi Anisakis pada bagian rongga tubuh, hati, gonad, saluran pencernaan, dan daging. Karakterisasi morfologi dilakukan menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Daerah ITS rDNA dan mtDNA cox2 diamplifikasi menggunakan PCR dan disekuensing untuk membentuk pohon filogenetik. PCR-RFLP dilakukan pula dari hasil amplifikasi ITS rDNA. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ikan selar bentong (S. crumenophthalmus) rentan terhadap infeksi Anisakis dengan nilai prevalensi dan intensitas rata-rata infeksi yang berbeda antar lokasi. Nilai prevalensi tertinggi terdapat pada ikan selar bentong dari Pantai Selatan Jawa Timur (P=75,44%; MI=10,38 larva/inang), sedangkan ikan selar bentong dari Pantai Selatan Jawa Barat memiliki nilai terendah (P=1,45%; MI= 3,33 larva/inang). Sebagian besar Anisakis ditemukan pada bagian rongga tubuh (70%-100%), sedikit ditemukan pada bagian tubuh lain. Identifikasi molekuler (PCR-RFLP dan sekuensing) menunjukkan Anisakis yang menginfeksi ikan selar bentong merupakan A. typica, yang diindikasikan sebagai A. typica var. indonesiensis. Infeksi Anisakis lebih lanjut dapat digunakan sebagai penanda biologis seperti diskriminasi stok dan pola migrasi ikan.

This study aim to determine the presence of Anisakis larvae (nematodes) in bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) from the Indian Ocean Southern Coast of Java. A total of 498 fish samples were collected from the Southern Coast of East Java, Yogyakarta Special Territory, Central Java, and West Java. Each sample was measured in its length and weight and then observed for the presence of Anisakis larval in the abdominal cavity, liver, gonad, gastrointestinal tract, and muscle. Morphological characterization was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The ITS rDNA and mtDNA cox2 regions were amplified using PCR and sequenced to construct a phylogenetic tree. PCR-RFLP was also carried out from the amplification of ITS rDNA. The results showed that bigeye scad was susceptible to being infected by Anisakis nematodes with different prevalences and intensity levels at each location. The highest prevalence occurred in bigeye scad from the Southern Coast of East Java (P = 75,44%; MI = 10,38 larvae/host), whereas bigeye scad from the Southern Coast of West Java has the lowest prevalence (P = 1,45%; MI = 3,33 larvae/host). Most of the larvae were found in the abdominal cavity (70% -100%), whereas in other organs were found in relatively low prevalence. The results of molecular identification showed that the bigeye scad was infected by A. typica, whereas indicated as A. typica var. indonesiensis. The infection of Anisakis can be used as a biological indicator such as stock discrimination and fish migration pattern.

Kata Kunci : Anisakis, identifikasi, infeksi, Samudera Hindia, Selar crumenophthalmus