DAYA SAING DAN KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI PALA RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

TIENNI M SIMANJORANG, Prof. Dr. Ir. Irham, M.Sc

2022 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU PERTANIAN

Adapun tujuan penelitian disertasi ini adalah (1) mengengetahui daya saing usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, berdasarkan keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif, (2) mengkaji dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap daya saing usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, (3) mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, (4) mengetahui keberlanjutan usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, dan (5) mengetahui hubungan daya saing terhadap keberlanjutan usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Penelitian ini dianalisis deskriptif analisis dengan metode analisis data yaitu Policy Analisis Matrix (PAM), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan menggunakan software WarpPLS, dan analisis skoring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) daya saing usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah memiliki daya saing ditinjau dari keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif. Kecamatan Banda memiliki daya saing lebih tinggi dibandingkan Kecamatan Leihitu dan Leihitu Barat, (2) Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap daya saing usahatani pala bersifat tidak protektif baik terhadap input, output maupun input-output, (3) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing usahatani pala yaitu faktor internal berpengaruh positif sedangkan faktor eksternal dan faktor manajemen usahatani berpengaruh negatif terhadap daya saing usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, (4) Keberlanjutan usahatani pala rakyat di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah berada pada kategori cukup berkelanjutan, (5) Hubungan daya saing dengan keberlanjutan dapat dilihat pada tiga aspek keberlanjutan yaitu: daya saing mempengaruhi keberlanjutan pada aspek sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan.

The objectives of this dissertation research are (1) to find out the competitiveness of smallholders� nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency, based on comparative advantage and competitive advantage, (2) to examine the impact of government policies on the competitiveness of smallholders� nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency, (3) to examine factors that affect the competitiveness of smallholders� nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency, (4) to find out the sustainability of smallholders� nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency, and (5) to find out the relationship of competitiveness to the sustainability of smallholders� nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency. This study was analyzed descriptively with data analysis methods, namely Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using WarpPLS software, and scoring analysis. The results showed that (1) the competitiveness of smallholders� nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency was competitive in terms of comparative and competitive advantages. Banda Subdistrict has higher competitiveness than Leihitu and West Leihitu Subdistricts, (2) Government policies on the competitiveness of nutmeg farming are not protective for input, output and input-output, (3) Factors that affect the competitiveness of nutmeg farming are: internal factors have a positive effect while external factors and farm management factors have a negative effect on the competitiveness of people's nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency, (4) The sustainability of people's nutmeg farming in Central Maluku Regency is in the fairly sustainable category, (5) The relationship between competitiveness and sustainability can be seen in three aspects of sustainability, namely: competitiveness affects sustainability in social, economic and environmental aspects.

Kata Kunci : Daya Saing, Kebijakan Pemerintah, Keberlanjutan Usahatani, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah (Competitiveness, Central Maluku Regency, Government Policy, Sustainability of Farming)