Deteksi Perbedaan Probabilitas Fraud Laporan Keuangan Menggunakan Model Fraud Hexagon Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di BEI

SAHDA PURNAMA SARI, Prof. Dr. Mamduh M. Hanafi, M.B.A

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS MANAJEMEN

Laporan keuangan yang dimanipulasi berdampak negatif bagi semua stakeholder karena laporan keuangan merupakan sumber informasi utama stabilitas keuangan, aktivitas ekonomi dan kesehatan keuangan perusahaan. Mengingat pentingnya laporan keuangan, tidak jarang manajemen memanipulasi atau melakukan salah saji (fraud) laporan keuangan agar perusahaan dipandang sehat oleh stakeholder. Fraud laporan keuangan diukur menggunakan F-Score Model. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah deteksi probabilitas fraud laporan keuangan dengan menggunakan model fraud hexagon yang terdiri atas variabel pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ccompetence, arroagance & collution. Penelitian ini menggunakan perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI secara khusus menetapkan sampel perusahaan yang terbukti melakukan fraud laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik estimasi regesi logistik dibantu dengan STATA 14 sebagai statistic package. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pressure diproxi oleh stabilitas keuangan, rationalization diproxi oleh total akrual dan collution diproxi oleh state owned enterprises (SOEs) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap probabilitas fraud laporan keuangan juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan non-syariah memiliki probabilitas fraud laporan keuangan lebih tinggi daripada perusahaan syariah. Sebaliknya, change of receivables, change of directors, CEO education, CEO narcissism, managerial ownership dan CEO duality berpengaruh negatif terhadap probabilitas fraud laporan keuangan. Sementara itu, external pressure, financial target, ineffective monitoring dan auditor switching tidak berpengaruh terhadap probabilitas fraud laporan keuangan. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian yaitu manajemen diharapkan memperhatikan stabilitas keuangan dan total akrual sebagai metode pencatatan karena rentan terhadap fraud laporan keuangan. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk menambah proxi pada variabel collution.

Misleading financial reporting has a negative impact on all stakeholders since financial records are the primary source of information on financial stability, economic activity, and financial health of any company. Given, importance information of financial report many managements manipulated their financial reports presented look always good by stakeholders. Fraud financial reporting measures utilitize F-Score Model. The purpose of this research is to detect probability of fraud financial report using fraud hexagon model consists of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, arrogance and collution. This research using companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange specially companies that are proven carried out financial reporting fraud. This research using logistic regresstion method and STATA 14 as statistic package. The result demonstrates that pressure proxied by financial stability, rationalization proxied by total accrual and collution proxied by state owned enterprises (SOEs) has significantly positive effect on probability of financial reporting fraud, additionally non-shariah companies has highest probability of financial reporting fraud compared to counterparts. On the contrary, change of receivables, change of directors, CEO education, CEO narcissism, managerial ownership and CEO duality has negative effect on probability of financial reporting fraud. Meanwhile, external pressure, financial target, ineffective monitoring and auditor switching has no effect on probability of financial reporting fraud. Implication of results are management suggested to concern and focus on financial stability and total accrual because those are vulnerable variables to carried out fraud financial report. Next research suggested to add more proxies specially on collution variable on fraud hexagon model.

Kata Kunci : Fraud, laporan keuangan, Model Fraud Hexaagon