PENGARUH ESSENTIAL OIL PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN PRODUKSI METAN SECARA IN VITRO

AZIS AJI ARDIAN, Prof. Dr. Ir. Lies Mira Yusiati, SU., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh essential oil Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) sebagai aditif pakan terhadap produksi metan dan parameter fermentasi rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi tiga perlakuan yaitu tanpa penambahan minyak pala sebagai kontrol (P0), penambahan essential oil pala dengan level 100 mikroliter/liter (P1), dan level 200 mikroliter/liter (P2). Komposisi substrat bahan pakan terdiri atas rumput raja sebagai hijauan dan konsentrat dari berbagai campuran bahan pakan (kleci, kulit tela, kulit kacang, bran, bungkil sawit, bungkil kopra, menir, jagung kering, bekatul, onggok, gaplek, corn gluten feed, garam, mineral, dan tetes tebu) dengan perbandingan 60:40. Fermentasi rumen secara in vitro dilakukan dengan metode produksi gas Menke and Steingass dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali selama 48 jam. Parameter yang diamati yaitu pH rumen, amonia (NH3), total VFA (Volatile Fatty Acid), protein mikroba, protozoa, dan produksi metan (CH4). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis variansi pola searah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncans New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) apabila berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan essential oil pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) dengan peningkatan level essential oil pala dapat menurunkan kadar amonia (NH3), nilai VFA, dan protein mikroba (P<0,05), tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai pH, proporsi C2:C3, dan populasi protozoa (P>0,05). Produksi metan mengalami penurunan (P<0,05) dengan penambahan essential oil pala pada level 100 mikroliter/liter hingga 200 mikroliter/liter. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan level yang optimum sebesar 100 mikroliter/liter essential oil pala dapat menurunkan produksi metan tanpa berpengaruh negatif terhadap fermentasi rumen.

This study aims to determine the effect of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oil as a feed additive on methane production and rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. This study was divided into three treatments, namely without the addition of nutmeg oil as a control (P0), the addition of nutmeg essential oil at a level of 100 microliter/liter (P1), and a level of 200 microliter/liter (P2). The composition of the feed ingredient substrate consists of king grass as forage and concentrates from various mixtures of feed ingredients (kleci, eggplant shells, peanut shells, bran, oil palm meal, copra meal, groats, dry corn, rice bran, cassava, corn gluten feed, salt, minerals, and molasses) with a ratio of 60:40. In vitro rumen fermentation was carried out using the Menke and Steingass gas production method with three repetitions for 48 hours. Parameters observed were rumen pH, ammonia (NH3) levels, total VFA (Volatile Fatty Acid), microbial protein, protozoa, and methane gas (CH4) production. The data was analyzed for unidirectional pattern variance and continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if it was significantly different. The results showed that the use of nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) with an increase in the level of nutmeg essential oil could reduce ammonia (NH3) levels, VFA values, and microbial protein (P<0.05), but did not effect on pH values, proportion C2:C3, and the population of protozoa (P>0.05). Methane production decreased (P<0.05) by adding of nutmeg essential oil at the level of 100 microliter/liter to 200 microliter/liter. The conclusion of this study is that using an optimum level of 100 microliter/liter of nutmeg essential oil can reduce methane production without negatively affecting rumen fermentation.

Kata Kunci : Aditif pakan, essential oil, pala, fermentasi rumen, produksi metan