Pengelolaan Jaringan Air Bersih di Surakarta Tahun 1918-1942

KRISNANDA THEO P, Dr. Nur Aini Setiawati, Ph.D

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER SEJARAH

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan mobilitas masyarakat kota pada awal abad ke-20 menyebabkan masalah baru di perkotaan khususunya Surakarta. Kota yang memiliki tiga pemerintahan yang berbeda itu menghadapi masalah kebersihan dan kesehatan. Timpangnya pengadaan fasilitas di sektor kebersihan mengakibatkan penduduk kota Surakarta terserang wabah penyakit. Belum adanya sarana air bersih yang layak dan memadai menambah penderitaan masyarakat Kota Surakarta khususnya pada musim kemarau. Meskipun Gubernur Jendral Hindia Belanda telah menitahkan supaya Kota Solo membenahi kondisi tersebut, Residen Surakarta baru menggagas proyek pembangunan sarana air bersih pada 1918. Pada akhirnya realisasi pengadaan sistem perpipaan air bersih baru benar-benar terlaksana pada 1929. Penelitian ini akan disajikan dengan menggunakan metode sejarah sebagai landasan penelitian. Pendekatan sejarah perkotaan dianggap cocok untuk menjawab pertanyaan mengapa dan bagaimana Surakarta mampu membangun sarana air bersih perpipaan di saat depresi ekonomi. Berbagai gejolak mewarnai hingar bingar pendirian asosiasi yang bertanggung jawab mengelola air bersih di Surakarta. Salah satu daerah yang termasuk wilayah Vorstenlanden itu berhasil mengalirkan air bersih dari sumber mata air Ingas di Cokrotulung, Klaten ke Ibu Kota Surakarta menggunakan saluran perpipaan. Proyek pengadaan sarana air bersih itu merupakan wujud kerja sama antara pemerintah kolonial Surakarta, pemerintah swapraja Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran. Suatu asosiasi yang nantinya ditingkatkan menjadi komisi dan berubah lagi menjadi perusahaan berhasil dibentuk untuk melaksanakan pengelolaan sistem perpipaan air bersih bagi Kota Surakarta terhitung sejak 1924. Seiring dengan adanya sarana air bersih yang lebih mutakhir di masanya, taraf hidup masyarakat turut mengalami peningkatan. Di sisi lain, budaya baru terkait kebersihan dan kesehatan ikut terbentuk di Surakarta pasca hadirnya saluran air bersih melalui jaringan perpipaan.

The increase in population and mobility of urban communities at the beginning of the 20th century caused new problems in urban areas, especially Surakarta. The city, which has three different governments, faces hygiene and health problems. The unequal provision of facilities in the sanitation sector has resulted in the residents of the city of Surakarta being attacked by disease outbreaks. The absence of proper and adequate clean water facilities adds to the suffering of the people of Surakarta City, especially during the dry season. Although the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies had ordered the City of Solo to fix this condition, the Resident of Surakarta only initiated a clean water facility construction project in 1918. In the end, the realization of the procurement of a clean water piping system was only actually implemented in 1929. This research will be presented using the historical method. as a research basis. The urban history approach is considered suitable to answer the question of why and how Surakarta was able to build piped clean water facilities during the economic depression. Various upheavals colored the frenzied establishment of an association responsible for managing clean water in Surakarta. One of the areas that belongs to the Vorstenlanden area managed to drain clean water from the Ingas spring in Cokrotulung, Klaten to the capital city of Surakarta using a pipeline. The clean water procurement project is a form of cooperation between the Surakarta colonial government, the Kasunanan and Mangkunegaran self-government governments. An association which was later upgraded to a commission and turned into a company was successfully formed to carry out the management of the clean water piping system for the City of Surakarta since 1924. Along with the availability of more modern clean water facilities in its time, the standard of living of the people has also increased. On the other hand, a new culture related to hygiene and health was also formed in Surakarta after the presence of clean water channels through the pipeline network.

Kata Kunci : Modernisasi, Air Bersih, Saluran, Perpipaan, Surakarta