STUDI KASUS UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI LINGKUNGAN PEMASYARAKATAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
GABI CERIA, dr. Yodi Mahendradhata, M.Sc., Ph.D., FRSPH; Dr. dr. Dwi Handono S, M.Kes.
2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKATLatar belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia mengancam kesehatan Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan yang sedang menjalani pembinaan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas). Sulitnya penerapan pencegahan primer serta keterbatasan fasilitas layanan kesehatan di dalam Lapas menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi tim kesehatan di Lapas untuk menanggulangi persebaran penyakit COVID-19 di dalam. Gambaran pelaksanaan upaya pencegahan di lingkungan pemasyarakatan ditinjau dari segi kesehatan penting untuk dikaji lebih dalam sebagai bekal pengetahuan dan penentuan kebijakan yang lebih baik dalam menghadapi situasi krisis kesehatan khususnya penyakit COVID-19 di lingkungan pemasyarakatan. Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan dan mengeksplorasi upaya tim kesehatan di lingkungan pemasyarakatan di DIY dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan sekunder penyakit COVID-19 serta mengeksplorasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat upaya tersebut. Metode: Penelitian studi kasus tunggal ini mengkaji kejadian wabah COVID-19 yang terjadi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Yogyakarta pada Bulan Juni-Agustus 2021 yang lalu. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan kepada subyek terpilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling yang terdiri dari 10 orang dari tim kesehatan dan 2 orang narapidana. Peneliti juga melakukan telaah dokumen dan observasi di lapangan. Seluruh data dianalisis dengan metode pattern matching. Hasil: Beberapa upaya pencegahan sekunder yang dilakukan yaitu pelacakan dan tes, manajemen isolasi pada WBP yang positif, karantina pada WBP yang negatif, rujuk luar, penanganan pasien gejala berat dan beberapa kegiatan pendukung lainnya. Semua aksi tersebut memiliki faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang dapat saling terkait jika ditinjau dari aspek person, tasks, organization, environment, dan technology and tools. Kesimpulan: Hampir semua upaya pencegahan sekunder yang dilakukan sudah sesuai dengan pedoman yang diterbitkan beberapa instansi pemerintah. Upaya mitigasi perlu disiapkan lebih dini baik dari logistik, lingkungan, maupun kualitas SDM.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia threatens the health of Correctional Inmates who are undergoing serving time in Correctional Institutions (Lapas). The difficulties of implementing primary prevention and the limited health service facilities within prisons are challenges for the health team in prisons to tackle the spread of COVID-19 disease inside. The assessment of the implementation of health prevention efforts in the correctional environment is important to be studied more deeply to build on the knowledge and determining better policies in dealing with health crisis situations, especially COVID-19 disease in the correctional environment. Objectives: To describe and explore the efforts of the health team in prisons in Special Regency of Yogyakarta in carrying out secondary prevention for COVID-19 and to explore the factors contributing to the success of these efforts. Methods: This single case study examines the incidence of the COVID-19 outbreak that occurred in the Yogyakarta Class IIA Penitentiary in June-August 2021 ago. In-depth interviews were conducted on selected subjects based on purposive sampling method consisting of 10 people from the health team and 2 prisoners. Researchers also conducted document reviews and field observations. All data were analyzed by pattern matching method. Results: Several secondary prevention activities that have been carried out are tracking and testing, isolation management for positive prisoners, quarantine for negative prisoners, referrals to hospitals, handling of patients with severe symptoms and several other supporting activities. All of these actions have supporting and inhibiting factors that can be interrelated when viewed from the aspect of person, tasks, organization, environment, technology and tools. Conclusion: Almost all secondary prevention efforts that have been carried out are in accordance with the guidelines issued by several government agencies. Mitigation efforts need to be prepared early, both in terms of logistics, the environment, and the quality of human resources.
Kata Kunci : pencegahan COVID-19, COVID-19 di Lapas, kesehatan pemasyarakatan, kesehatan narapidana, lembaga pemasyarakatan, prevention of COVID-19, correctional health, inmate health, correctional institutions, COVID-19 in prisons
