ANALISIS KAPASITAS BIROKRASI TERKAIT SEKTOR KEHUTANAN DALAM MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI INDONESIA

VALENTINA PUTERI A, Prof. Dr. Ahmad Maryudi; Prof. Dr. Muhammad Alif K. Sahide

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEHUTANAN

Indonesia meratifikasi Perjanjian Paris pada tahun 2016. Melalui dokumen Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Indonesia berkomitmen untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca sebesar 29% secara mandiri atau sebesar 41% dengan dukungan internasional. Sektor kehutanan memiliki target terbesar dalam menurunkan emisi sebesar 17,2% tanpa syarat atau 23% dengan dukungan internasional. Pemerintah telah memberikan mandat kepada birokrasi (kementerian) untuk mendukung pencapaian target NDC melalui kegiatan pembangunan sektoralnya. Penelitian ini hendak melihat kapasitas formal birokrasi terkait sektor kehutanan dalam mendukung aksi mitigasi perubahan iklim di Indonesia berdasarkan aspek kapasitas legal, anggaran dan unit organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian campuran dengan menggunakan sumber sekunder sebagai data utama. Kapasitas formal birokrasi dinilai berdasarkan 4 kriteria, yaitu mandat, regulasi, alokasi anggaran dan unit organisasi pelaksana. Kapasitas legal dilihat dengan membandingkan kriteria mandat dan regulasi. Kapasitas anggaran dilihat dengan membandingkan kriteria mandat dan persentase alokasi anggaran untuk mencukupi kebutuhan dana NDC. Kapasitas unit organisasi dilihat dengan membandingkan kriteria mandat dan unit pelaksana di bawah birokrasi. Terdapat lima birokrasi yang terkait dengan sektor kehutanan, yaitu Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) yang memiliki mandat terkuat, Kementerian Pertanian, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) dengan mandat cukup kuat, Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/ Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) dan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) dengan mandate cukup lemah. Dilihat dari kapasitas legal, Kementerian LHK, Pertanian dan PUPR memiliki kapasitas cukup besar karena didukung regulasi yang bersifat mendukung. Kapasitas anggaran dari kelima birokrasi cukup kecil, karena alokasi anggaran belum dapat mencukupi target anggaran NDC. Dari kapasitas unit organisasi, kelima birokrasi memiliki kapasitas yang cukup besar dengan didukung adanya unit pelaksana di bawahnya.

Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement in 2016. Through the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) document, Indonesia is committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 29% independently or by 41% with international support. In its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Indonesia has committed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) unconditionally by 29% and conditionally by 41%. Forest sector is expected to reduce emissions by 17.2% unconditionally and 23% conditionally. The Government of Indonesia (GoI) has given mandate to bureaucracies (ministries) to achieve the NDC's target through its sectoral development activities. This study aims to examine the formal capacity of forest-related bureaucracies to support climate change mitigation actions in Indonesia based on legal capacity, budget capacity and organizational units capacity. This study used a mixed methods and used secondary sources as the main data. The formal capacity of bureaucracy is assessed based on four criteria, mandates, regulations, budget allocations and unit organization. Legal capacity is assessed by mandate and regulations. Budget capacity is assessed by mandate and the percentage of bureaucracy's budget allocations to fulfill NDC's budget target. Unit organization capacity is assessed by mandate and the existence of implementing units under the bureaucracy. Forest-related bureaucracies are Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) which has the strongest mandate in climate change mitigation, the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR) with a strong mandate, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (MoAASP) and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MoPWH) which have a weak mandate. From the legal capacity, the MoEF, MoA and MoPWH have large capacity which supported by supportive regulations. Budget capacity of all bureaucracies is relatively small, because the budget allocation has not been able to fulfill the NDC's budget target. From the unit organization capacity, all bureaucracies have a large capacity which supported by the existence of implementing units under bureaucracies.

Kata Kunci : birokrasi, kapasitas, mitigasi, NDC/ bureaucracy, capacity, mitigation, NDC