FALSAFAH KEPENULISAN DALAM ISLAM (TERJEMAH DAN ANALISIS AL-TA'RIF BI ADAB AL-TA'LIF KARYA JALAL AL-DIN AL-SUYUTI)

KHAIRUL AMIN, Dr. Agus Himmawan Utomo, M.Ag

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER FILSAFAT

Penelitian ini berusaha mengulas falsafah kepenulisan dalam Islam melalui terjemah dan analisis Al-Ta'lif bi Adab al-Ta'lif yang disusun oleh Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran dari apa yang dimaksud dari falsafah kepenulisan dan perannya dalam perkembangan tradisi tulis. Maka, untuk mendapatkan gambaran utuh untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, penerjemahan dan analisis monograf, terlebih dahulu didahului ulasan terhadap filsafat tradisi tulis dan sejarah perkembangan tradisi tulis dalam masyarakat muslim. Penelitian merupakan riset kepustakaan yang mengacu pada penelitian historis-faktual yang berfokus pada translasi teks dan pemikiran tokoh dengan didasari paradigma worldview. Teori yang digunakan adalah (1) historical epistemology, (2) scientific tradition dan (3) Hermeneutika Gadamer dengan pendekatan ganda: tekstual-hermeneutis dan kontekstual-historis. Pendekatan dalam analisis menggunakan unsur metodis penelitian filsafat: interpretasi, koherensi intern, holistika, kesinabungan historis, dan heuristika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) falsafah kepenulisan dalam tradisi kesarjanaan Islam adalah falsafah kepenulisan yang dilandasi worldview Islam yang menjadi ruh dan dasar arah (pedoman) pengembangan tulisan dilandasi keterikatan dimensional antara aspek metafisis, epistemologis, dan aksiologisnya; (2) tradisi tulis muslim dimulai sejak awal kemunculan Islam dibuktikan dengan dokumentasi terhadap al-Qur'an. Perkembangan puncaknya terjadi pada era Abbasiyah yang ditopang faktor internal masyarakat muslim melalui mentalitas amalnya, dan faktor eksternal melalui masuknya media tulis yang lebih mapan dari luar serta sumbangsih pelajar internasional dalam konteks interdepedensi peradaban, diantaranya melalui penerjemahan; dan (3) dalam Al-Ta'lif bi Adab al-Ta'lif, Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti menyoroti aspek-aspek yang mendorong dan melandasi terjadinya gerakan kepenulisan, meliputi posisi penting amal tulisan, legasi tulisan, kualifikasi kepakaran dalam kepenulisan, pengembangan karya tulis, keteladanan dalam kepenulisan, dan nilai sebuah tulisan.

This study attempts to review the philosophy of writing in Islam through the translation and analysis of Al-Ta'lif bi Adab al-Ta'lif compiled by Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of what is meant by the philosophy of writing and its role in the development of the written tradition. So, in order to get a complete picture to achieve the objectives of research, translation and analysis of monographs, it is first necessary to review the philosophy of the written tradition and the history of the development of the written tradition in Muslim society. This research is a literature research that refers to historical-factual research that focuses on the translation of texts and thoughts of characters based on the worldview. The theories used are (1) historical epistemology, (2) scientific tradition and (3) Gadamer's Hermeneutics with a dual approach: textual-hermeneutical and contextual-historical. The approach in the analysis uses methodical elements of philosophical research: interpretation, internal coherence, holistic, historical continuity, and heuristics. The results show that: (1) the philosophy of writing in the Islamic scholarly tradition is the philosophy of writing based on the Islamic worldview which is the spirit and the basis for the direction (guidelines) of writing development based on dimensional attachments between its metaphysical, epistemological, and axiological aspects; (2) the Muslim writing tradition started from the beginning of the emergence of Islam as evidenced by the documentation of the Qur'an. Its peak development occurred in the Abbasid era which was supported by internal factors of the Muslim community through its charitable mentality, and external factors through the inclusion of more established written media from outside as well as the contributions of international students in the context of interdependence of civilizations, including through translation; and (3) in Al-Ta'lif bi Adab al-Ta'lif, Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti highlights the aspects that encourage and underlie the occurrence of the writing movement, including the important position of writing charity, writing inheritance, qualifications of expertise in writing, writing development, exemplary in writing, and the value of writing.

Kata Kunci : falsafah, bahasa, tradisi, Islam, Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, tulisan, Al-Ta'lif bi Adab al-Ta'lif