Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Escherichia coli pada Telur Ayam Ras asal Supermarket dan Peternakan di Wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

ANGELICA MEITA A, drh. M. Th. Khrisdiana Putri, M.P., Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Telur ayam ras sering dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia namun dapat mengandung cemaran Escherichia coli (E. coli). E. coli merupakan mikroflora normal sistem pencernaan mamalia dan unggas yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit jika jumlahnya melebihi batas. Strain Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) terutama O157:H7 merupakan strain yang patogen dan dapat menyebabkan penyakit seperti Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) dan Hemorrhagic Colitis (HC). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat sensitivitas antibiotik E. coli pada telur ayam ras yang dijual di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel berupa telur ayam ras yang diambil dari supermarket dan peternakan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel kemudian diteliti di Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada pada bulan September sampai Desember 2021. Sampel telur yang diuji ditanam pada media pengayaan Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) kemudian ditumbuhkan dalam media selektif Rappaport Vassiliadis Soya Peptone Broth (RVS). Biakan kemudian ditumbuhkan dalam media isolasi Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) dan Brilliant Green Agar (BGA). Koloni bakteri terduga E. coli dilanjutkan uji biokimia untuk peneguhan spesies. Isolat kemudian diuji sensitivitas terhadap antibiotik serta ditanam pada Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC) untuk diidentifikasi E. coli strain O157:H7. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Escherichia coli dapat ditemukan pada dua dari tujuh supermarket dan peternakan. Bakteri E. coli yang teridentifikasi mengalami resistensi terhadap Penicillin (100%), Ampicillin (100%), Oxytetracycline (50%), dan Streptomycin (50%).

Chicken eggs are often consumed by the people of Indonesia but they can contain Escherichia coli. E. coli is a normal microflora of the digestive system of mammals and poultry that can cause disease if it exceeds the limit. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains, especially O157:H7 are pathogenic strains and can cause diseases such as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) and Hemorrhagic Colitis (HC). This study was conducted to identify Escherichia coli antibiotic sensitivity level in layer chicken eggs sold in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study uses samples in the form of layer chicken eggs from supermarket and farm in The Special Region of Yogyakarta. The samples were tested at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada from September to December 2021. The tested egg samples were inoculated in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) enrichment media and then grown in Rappaport Vassiliadis Soya Peptone Broth (RVS) selective media. The cultures were then inoculated in Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) and Brilliant Green Agar (BGA) isolation media. The suspected bacterial colony of E. coli were tested with biochemical tests for bacteria species confirmation. The isolate were tested for Antimicrobial Susceptibility test and also inoculated on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC) to identify whether it was E. coli strain O157:H7. The results showed that Escherichia coli can be isolated from two out of seven locations where samples were collected. The identified E. coli are resistant to Penicillin (100%), Ampicillin (100%), Oxytetracycline (50%), and Streptomycin (50%).

Kata Kunci : Telur ayam ras, bakteri Escherichia coli, strain Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, uji sensitivitas antibiotik