Kajian Perubahan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Sosial Indonesia di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

EVANIA KULTSUM, Alia Fajarwati, S.Si., M.IDEA

2022 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Kesejahteraan adalah tujuan setiap bangsa dan negara untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang merupakan subjek dan objek pembangunan. Isu Covid-19 menimbulkan perubahan besar bagi kesejahteraan akibat diberlakukannya pembatasan sosial. Berbagai permasalahan sosial akibat pandemi Covid-19 meningkat, khususnya di bidang kesehatan, pendidikan, dan ekonomi. Perubahan tingkat kesejahteraan Indonesia sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 perlu diketahui untuk menentukan arah pembangunan sosial. Hal ini sejalan dengan tujuan penelitian, yaitu (1) mengidentifikasi capaian kesejahteraan sosial setiap provinsi di Indonesia sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19; (2) mengidentifikasi perbedaan tingkat kesejahteraan sosial Indonesia sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19; (3) menyusun strategi pembangunan sosial Indonesia akibat pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan menyusun indeks komposit, yaitu Indeks Kesejahteraan Sosial (IKS) berdasarkan indikator dari kondisi material, kualitas hidup, dan keberlanjutan. Kemudian, dilakukan analisis SWOT dan matriks TOWS untuk menyusun strategi pembangunan sosial. Data yang digunakan untuk menyusun indikator komposit berupa indikator pendidikan, kesehatan, pendapatan, dan tenaga kerja. Data tersebut berupa data panel yang bersumber dari publikasi BPS dan Kemenkes setiap provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2019 hingga 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) kesejahteraan sosial Indonesia memburuk ditandai dengan nilai IKS Indonesia yang mengalami kenaikan sebelum dan saat Covid-19. Kesejahteraan sosial paling rendah terdapat di Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Banten. (2) Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan nilai IKS yang signifikan sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Selanjutnya, hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya penurunan nilai kesejahteraan sosial di Indonesia. (3) Dampak perubahan nilai kesejahteraan tercantum pada analisis SWOT dan menghasilkan tujuh strategi untuk mengatasi dampak pandemi Covid-19.

Welfare is the goal of every nation and state to improve the quality of human resources as the subject and object of development. The issue of Covid-19 has made big's changes to welfare due to the imposition of social restrictions. Various social problems due to the Covid-19 pandemic have increased, especially in health, education, and economic components. Changes in Indonesia's welfare level before and during the Covid-19 pandemic need to be known to determine the direction of social development. That was in line with the research objectives. (1) To identify the social welfare achievements of each province in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. (2) To identify differences in the level of social welfare in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. (3) To develop a strategy for Indonesia's social development due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative descriptive analysis method and compiled a composite index, the Social Welfare Index (IKS), based on indicators of material conditions, quality of life, and sustainability. Then a SWOT analysis and TOWS matrix are carried out to formulate a social development strategy. The data used to compile the composite indicators are indicators of education, health, income, and labor. The data used was panel data sourced from BPS publications and the Ministry of Health in each province in Indonesia from 2019 to 2020. The results of the study show: (1) Indonesia's social welfare is deteriorating, as indicated by the value of Indonesia's IKS, which has increased before and during Covid-19. The lowest social welfare is in West Java and Banten Province. (2) The statistical test results show a significant difference between the IKS score before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, these results indicate a decline in the value of social welfare in Indonesia. (3) The impact of changes in welfare values is listed in the SWOT analysis and produces seven strategies to overcome the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Kata Kunci : Pandemi Covid-19, Kesejahteraan sosial, Indeks Kesejahteraan Sosial, Indikator Komposit, Masalah Sosia