Hubungan kepadatan, jenis kendaraan terhadap kadar timbal udara dan urin masyarakat sekitar jalan raya kota Yogyakarta

IRWANSYAH, T, Dr.dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc.,D.Comm.Nutr

2003 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Sektor transportasi merupakan penyumbang terbesar dalam pencemaran udara. Timbal merupakan salah satu logam berat yang terdapat di udara yang diemisikan dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor yang dapat masuk kedalam tubuh melalui udara yang terhirup dan juga melalui makanan/minuman selanjutnya masuk ke paru-paru, darah dan diekskresi melalui urindan tinja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepadatan dan jenis kendaraan dengan kadar timbal udara, kadar timbal udara dengan kadar timbal urin serta keluhan subjektif akibat paparan timbal pada masyarakat sekitar jalan raya kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional antara kepadatan dan jenis kendaraan dengan kadar timbal udara, kadar timbal udara dengan kadar timbal urin masyarakat sekitar jalan raya kota Yogyakarta. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 40 orang yang diambil dari empat ruas jalan yaitu jalan Malioboro, jalan Magelang, jalan Solo dan jalan KHA. Dahlan. Perhitungan jumlah dan jenis kendaraan dengan alat penghitung, pengambilan timbal udara dengan Low Volume Air Sampler. Analisis kadar timbal udara dan kadar timbal urin dengan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah regresi dan korelasi Spearment. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat lemah antara kepadatan kendaraan dengan kadar timbal udara (r = 0,152; p = 0,477), antara kepadatan jenis kendaraan (mobil dan motor) dengan kadar timbal udara (r = 0,090; p = 0,677 dan r = 0,147; p = 0,493), antara kadar timbal udara dengan kadar timbal dalam urin masyarakat sekitar jalan raya (r = 0,400). Kadar timbal udara masih dibawah baku mutu dengan rata-rata 0,1427 mg/m3, kadar timbal dalam urin masyarakat sekitar jalan raya rata-rata (77,5%) responden kadar timbal dalam urinnya telah melebihi batas syarat yang diperbolehkan (³ 0,15 mg/l). Keluhan subjektif yang dialami akibat paparan timbal adalah sakit kepala (62,5%), lesu dan lemah (45%), nyeri sendi/otot (37,5%), sakit perut/muntahmuntah (17,5%), kepucatan (12,5%), diare (7,5%) dan nafsu makan berkurang (5%).

Transportation sector is a large contributor of the air pollution. Lead is one of heavy metal in the air that emitted from vehicle emission that can become into body by inhalated air and food/water also, and lung, blood and exceeted by urine and faeces. This research was aimed to examine the relationship between congestion and types of vehicle with lead air content, lead air content with lead urine content and subjective complaints on the lead exposure of the people around the street of Yogyakarta City. The type of this research was observational using cross sectional design between congestion and types of vehicle with lead air content, lead air content with lead urine content of the people around the street of Yogyakarta City. Sample of this research amount of 40 persons taken from 4 streets, such as Malioboro street, Magelang street, Solo street and KHA Dahlan street. The computation of the number and type of vehicle was done using a measurement tool, and the measurement of lead air content was done using Low Volume Air Sampler. The analysis of lead air content and lead urine content by Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS). Statistical analysis is use on regression and Spearment correlation. The result of this research show more weakness relationship between vehicle congestion with lead air content (r = 0,152; p = 0,477); between type of vehicle (car and motorcycles) congestion with lead air content (r = 0,090; p = 0,677 and r = 0,147; p = 0,493); between lead air content with lead urine content the people around on the street (r = 0,400). The lead air content was still under the standard quality with the average of 0,1427 mg/m3 , the lead urine content of the people around the street average (77,5%) respondents’ urine sample had exceeded the tolerable limit (³ 0,15 mg/l). Subjective complaints as a result of lead exposure that the number ofwere indicated as headache (59,92%), fatigue and weakness (44,20%), muscle or senile pain (36,86%), stomachache/vomiting (16,55%), pallor (10,32%), diarrhea (6,29%) and loss of appetite (2,42%).

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Lingkungan,Kadar Timbal Udara,Urin Masyarakat,Kendaraan, Congestion, lead, air, urine