PERILAKU HARIAN BEKANTAN (Nasalis larvatus) DI PULAU CURIAK, BANJARMASIN, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

REINHARD MARCHIANO C, Dr. drh. Hery Wijayanto, M. P.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Bekantan atau Monyet Proboscis (Nasalis larvatus) merupakan primata endemik Kalimantan (Indonesia), Malaysia, dan Brunei. Dalam habitatnya monyet ini hidup secara berkelompok, diurnal, dan arboreal. Status konservasi bekantan sebelum tahun 2008, menurut Red Data Book (IUCN, 2021) adalah rentan/vulnerable, kemudian setelah tahun 2008 status konservasinya ditingkatkan menjadi genting/endangered. Menurut CITES (2021), bekantan digolongkan sebagai Appendix I. Jumlah populasi bekantan menjadi semakin menurun karena habitatnya yang terancam. Saat ini, riset bekantan hanya ditemukan 170 makalah yang terbagi atas berbagai macam riset, yaitu studi perilaku, ekologi, morfologi, penangkaran, dan lain-lain. Hasil penelusuran tersebut, data untuk perilaku harian bekantan masih sedikit dan harus dilakukan riset lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku harian alami bekantan di habitatnya di kawasan Pulau Curiak, Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Metode pengamatan yang digunakan adalah metode Altmann (1974) yaitu, instantaneous scan sampling, setiap individu diamati dengan durasi singkat 30-60 detik dilanjutkan pengamatan individu lain. Pembagian durasi waktu pengamatan adalah setiap 10 menit yang dilakukan pagi dan sore dengan tabel checklist. Perilaku yang diamati antara lain, istirahat, makan, grooming, agonistik, vokalisasi, bermain, dan pergerakan. Data perilaku harian bekantan diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2019 dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Perilaku tertinggi bekantan yang tercatat selama pengamatan enam hari adalah istirahat, dan yang terendah adalah perilaku agonistik. Perilaku bekantan sangat dipengaruhi dengan ketersediaan pakan, pohon lindung, dan ancaman di Pulau Curiak.

Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an endemic primate of Borneo (Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei). In their habitat, in mangroves, lowland forests, and river banks, these monkeys live in groups, diurnal, and arboreal. The conservation status of proboscis monkeys, according to the Red Data Book (IUCN, 2021) was vulnerable, then after 2008 the conservation status was increased to endangered. According to CITES (2021), proboscis monkeys are classified to Appendix I. The number of proboscis monkey is decreasing because their habitat is threatened. This is due to forest fires, poaching, illegal trade, and other factors. Currently, research on proboscis monkeys has only found 170 papers which are divided into various types of research, namely behavioral studies, ecology, morphology, captivity, and others. Data for the daily behavior of proboscis monkeys is still small and further research must be done. This research aimed to determine the natural daily activity of proboscis monkeys in their habitat in the Curiak Island area, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. The observation method used was one of the Altmann method (1974), named instantaneous scan sampling, each individual is observed with a short duration of 30-60 seconds followed by observation of other individuals. The division of the duration of observation was every 10 minutes which was carried out in the morning and evening with a checklist table. The observed behaviors included resting, eating, grooming, agonistic, vocalization, playing, and movement. Proboscis monkey daily behavior data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed descriptively. The highest behavior of proboscis monkeys recorded during the six-day observation was resting, and the lowest was agonistic behavior. The behavior of proboscis monkeys was strongly influenced by the availability of food, protected trees, and threats on Curiak Island.

Kata Kunci : bekantan, perilaku harian, Pulau Curiak.