Persepsi terhadap Pandemi COVID-19 dan Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 Booster pada Masyarakat Kota Medan

SOFIA AGATA BR N, Prof. Dr. apt. Satibi, M.Si.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Program vaksinasi merupakan salah satu tindakan pemerintah untuk mencegah penyebaran COVID-19. Persepsi yang tinggi mengenai keparahan suatu penyakit akan mengarahkan pada perilaku protektif pada kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendekatan kuantitatif persepsi masyarakat terhadap COVID-19, penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 booster pada masyarakat di kota Medan. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan secara cross-sectional dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dilakukan secara daring melalui WhatsApp yang dilakukan dimulai tanggal 18-31 Mei 2022. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah masyarakat umum yang berusia 18 tahun ke atas dan bertempat tinggal di kota Medan. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 407 orang dan sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 400 orang. Data pada penelitian kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menghubungkan antar variabel karakteristik responden, persepsi terhadap COVID-19, dan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 booster. Analisis hubungan karakteristik responden dengan persepsi terhadap COVID-19 dan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 booster menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis sedangkan analisis hubungan antara persepsi terhadap COVID-19 dengan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 booster menggunakan Spearman-Rho. Hasil penelitian menujukkan masyarakat kota Medan memiliki persepsi positif sebesar 55% dan penerimaan vaksin sebesar 66,25%. Sebanyak 96,3% responden menerima vaksin COVID-19 booster saat ini dan sebanyak 53% responden menerima vaksin COVID-19 booster tahunan. Terdapat hubungan antara antara pendidikan terakhir (p=0,035) dengan persepsi terhadap COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan antara antara jenis kelamin (p=0,034), pendapatan (p=0,005), jenis vaksin (p=0,048) dengan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 booster. Terdapat hubungan antara persepsi terhadap COVID-19 (0,000) dan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 booster (0,000).

The vaccination program is one of the actions taken by the government to prevent the COVID-19 spread. A high perception of the severity of a disease will lead to a person's protective behavior on health. This study aims to quantitatively analysis a person perception of COVID-19 and the acceptance of COVID-19 booster vaccine in the city of Medan. Quantitative research was conducted in a cross-sectional manner with data collection using an online questionnaire via WhatsApp which was conducted from 18-31 May 2022. Respondents in this study were the general public aged 18 years old and over and resided in the city of Medan. The samples obtained were 407 people and the samples used were 400 people. The data in the quantitative study were analyzed descriptively and correlated variables with respondent characteristics, perceptions of COVID-19, and acceptance of the COVID-19 booster vaccine. Analysis of the relationship between respondents' characteristics and perceptions of COVID-19 and the reception of the COVID-19 booster vaccine used Kruskal-Wallis, while the analysis of the relationship between perceptions of COVID-19 and receipt of the COVID-19 booster vaccine used Spearman-Rho. The results showed that the people of Medan city had a positive perception of 55% and vaccine acceptance of 66.25%. A total of 96.3% of respondents received a COVID-19 booster vaccine at this time and 53% of respondents received an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine. There is a relationship between the last education (p=0.035) and the perception of COVID-19. There was a relationship between gender (p=0.034), income (p=0.005), type of vaccine (p=0.048) and the receipt of the COVID-19 booster vaccine. There is a relationship between perception of COVID-19 (0.000) and acceptance of the COVID-19 booster vaccine (0.000).

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, Vaksin COVID-19 booster, persepsi, penerimaan