Kajian Terhadap Perlindungan HAM Selama Pandemi: Studi tentang Pembatasan Kebebasan Bergerak Dalam Konteks Vaccination Passport di Prancis

BERNADETTE GITAREJA, Prof. Dr., Sigit Riyanto, S.H., LL.M,

2022 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

Pada Maret 2020, WHO telah menetapkan dunia berada dalam keadaan Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) berdasarkan ketentuan The International Health Regulations (IHR) karena merebaknya COVID 19. Banyak negara termasuk Prancis membuat berbagai regulasi untuk mencegah penyebaran COVID. Prancis menciptakan Vaccination Passport sebagai dokumen untuk mengetahui status vaksinasi dan imunitas seorang individu. Dokumen tersebut awalnya dapat diaktifkan jika telah menerima vaksin 2 dosis atau terbebas dari COVID 19. Namun Prancis mewajibkan penambahan booster sebagai syarat aktivasi Vaccination Passport. Keberadaan Vaccination Passport menyebabkan terbatasnya freedom of movement bagi warga negara dan non warga negara Prancis jika tidak menerima booster. Permasalahan ini berbenturan dengan prinsip dalam The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) mengenai pembatasan freedom of movement. Selain itu penambahan ketentuan booster juga bertentangan dalam prinsip-prinsip dalam IHR yang melarang penggunaan regulasi yang invasif dan melanggar pemenuhan hak asasi manusia. Hal ini menyebabkan Vaccination Passport dapat melanggar ketentuan hukum internasional. Untuk menjawab permasalahan diatas, penelitian ini akan menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang kemudian dianalisa menggunakan metode analisis penelitian kualitatif. Adapun penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penggunaan Vaccination Passport merupakan pelanggaran terhadap ICCPR dan IHR. Selanjutnya, mekanisme perlindungan hak yang dilanggar dapat ditempuh melalui prosedur yang telah disediakan dalam IHR dan ICCPR.

In March 2020, WHO has declared the world to be in a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) based on the provisions of The International Health Regulations (IHR) due to the outbreak of COVID 19. Many countries including France have made various regulations to prevent the spread of COVID 19. France created the Vaccination Passport as a document to determine the vaccination status and immunity of an individual. The document can initially be activated if a person has received 2 doses of vaccine or are free from COVID 19. However, France requires the addition of a booster as a condition for activation of the Vaccination Passport. The creation of the Vaccination Passport causes limited freedom of movement for citizens and non-citizens of France if they do not receive a booster. This problem conflicts with the principle in The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) regarding the limitation of the freedom of movement. In addition, the requirement of a booster is also contrary to the principles in the IHR which prohibits the use of regulations that are invasive and violate the fulfillment of human rights. This causes the Vaccination Passport to violate the provisions of international law. To answer the above problems, this research will use normative legal research which is then analyzed using a qualitative analysis method. This study found that the use of a Vaccination Passport is a violation of the ICCPR and IHR. Furthermore, the mechanism for protecting rights such as the freedom of movement that are violated can be pursued through the procedures provided in the IHR and ICCPR.

Kata Kunci : booster, COVID 19, freedom of movement, IHR, Vaccination Passport