ANALISIS HASIL PEMERIKSAAN FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST (FAT) DAN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) PADA HEWAN PENULAR RABIES TERHADAP PENANGANAN RABIES SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PULAU JAWA

ADITYA FIRMANSYAH, drh. Heru Susetya, MP., Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Rabies merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang termasuk dalam kategori penyakit strategis prioritas di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan proporsi hasil pemeriksaan Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) dan Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELSIA) pada hewan penular rabies di Pulau Jawa selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah epidemiologi deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan sampel berupa laporan hasil pemeriksaan FAT dan ELISA rabies di Pulau Jawa serta pelaksanaan vaksinasi di Provinsi Yogyakarta tahun 2019-2021. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sampel pemeriksaan FAT dan ELISA mengalami kecenderungan menurun sejak pandemi Covid-19 tahun 2019-2021. Wilayah kerja Balai Veteriner Subang merupakan daerah endemis rabies yang menyebabkan masih ditemukannya hasil positif pemeriksaan FAT. Pada pemeriksaan ELISA mengalami penurunan sejak 2019-2021, yang menandakan hewan dapat terkena rabies karena memiliki titer antibodi kurang dari 70%. Kekebalan anjing setelah vaksinasi rabies dipengaruhi beberapa hal, antara lain umur, jenis kelamin, bangsa, jenis vaksin, dan periode pascavaksinasi. Pada pelaksanaan vaksinasi di Provinsi Yogyakarta, Kota Yogyakarta merupakan daerah yang memperoleh vaksinasi paling banyak dengan total 6.775 vaksinasi dan kucing adalah hewan yang banyak mendapatkan vaksinasi rabies sebesar 78% selama 2019-2021. Saat pandemi Covid-19 surveilans rabies tetap dilaksanakan dengan pemeriksaan FAT dan ELISA di balai veteriner dan vaksinasi rabies di dinas terkait tetapi terjadi penurunan jumlah sampel yang diperiksa.

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that is included in the priority strategic disease in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to describe results of proportion Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in rabid animals in Java during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is descriptive epidemiology using a quantitative approach, using samples in the form of reports on the results of FAT and ELISA test for rabies on the Java Island and the implementation of vaccination in Yogyakarta Province in 2019-2021. The results of this research indicate that the number of samples for FAT and ELISA examinations has decreased since the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019-2021. The working area of the Subang Veterinary Center is a rabies endemic area, which causes positive results for the FAT examination to be found. The ELISA examination has decreased since 2019-2021, which indicates that animals can be exposed to rabies because they have antibody titers of less than 70%. Dog immunity after rabies vaccination is influenced by several things, including age, sex, nation, type of vaccine, and post-vaccination period. In the implementation of vaccination in Yogyakarta Province, Yogyakarta City was the area that received the most vaccinations with a total of 6,775 vaccinations and cats were the animals that received the most rabies vaccinations by 78% during 2019-2021. During the Covid-19 pandemic, rabies surveillance was still carried out with FAT and ELISA examinations at the veterinary office and rabies vaccination at the relevant offices, but there was a decrease in the number of samples examined.

Kata Kunci : Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescent antibody test, rabies, vaksinasi