Perilaku Penggunaan Obat untuk Covid-19 pada Masyarakat Kota Yogyakarta

HASNA ANANDA RIANY, Dr.apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, MPH.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Pada 2 Maret 2020 dilaporkan pertama kalinya kasus Covid-19 di Indonesia. Pada Juni-Agustus 2021 terjadi lonjakan kasus Covid-19 di Indonesia akibat dari varian baru yaitu varian Delta. Karena peristiwa ini, terjadilah fenomena panic buying oleh masyarakat yang dapat menimbulkan terjadinya penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional di kalangan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku penggunaan obat untuk Covid-19 dan hubungan antara hasil uji deteksi Covid-19 dengan obat-obatan untuk Covid-19 yang dikonsumsi masyarakat di Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian berupa deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dalam bentuk formulir Google dan dilakukan secara convenience sampling. Responden penelitian ialah masyarakat yang berdomisili di Kota Yogyakarta berusia 15-65 tahun dan mengkonsumsi obat dan vitamin/suplemen untuk mencegah atau menangani Covid-19. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan uji statistik chi-square atau fisher's exact pada tingkat signifikansi (p<0,05) untuk melihat hubungan antara hasil uji deteksi Covid-19 dengan penggunaan obat-obatan Covid-19 responden. Jumlah responden pada penelitian berjumlah 110. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan, obat dan vitamin/suplemen yang dikonsumsi oleh responden antara lain: multivitamin/zinc (98,18%), favipiravir/avigan (3,64%), remdesivir (0,91%), parasetamol (89,09%), asetilsistein (6,36%), obat batuk lainnya (58,18%), obat-obatan suportif (44,55%). Pada penelitian ini ditemukan pembelian obat resep tanpa resep dokter untuk favipiravir/avigan dan penggunaan favipiravir/avigan, remdesivir, dan asetilsistein yang tidak sesuai dengan rekomendasi terapi Covid-19. Sumber informasi obat dan vitamin/suplemen terbanyak didapatkan melalui tenaga kesehatan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara hasil uji deteksi Covid-19 dengan konsumsi obat favipiravir/avigan (p=0,015), perilaku ini dilakukan oleh sebagian besar kelompok positif Covid-19 (75%).

On March 2, 2020, the first case of Covid-19 was reported in Indonesia. In June-August 2021 there was a spike in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia as a result of the new variant, namely the Delta variant. Because of this incident, there was a panic buying phenomenon by the public which could lead to irrational drug use among the community. This study aims to determine the drug use behavior for Covid-19 and the relationship between the results of the Covid-19 detection test and drugs for Covid-19 consumed by the community in the city of Yogyakarta. This research is a quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire in the Google form and was carried out by convenience sampling. Research respondents are people who live in the city of Yogyakarta aged 15-65 years and consume medicines and vitamins/supplements to prevent or treat Covid-19. Data were analyzed descriptively and chi-square or fisher's exact statistical test at the significance level (p<0.05) to see the relationship between the results of the Covid-19 detection test and the respondent's use of Covid-19 medicines. The number of respondents in the study was 110. The results of the study showed that the drugs and vitamins/supplements consumed by the respondents included: multivitamin/zinc (98.18%), favipiravir/avigan (3.64%), remdesivir (0.91%), paracetamol (89.09%), acetylcysteine (6.36%), other cough medicines (58.18%), supportive medicines (44.55%). In this study, the purchase of prescription drugs without a doctor's prescription for favipiravir/avigan and the use of favipiravir/avigan, remdesivir, and acetylcysteine that were not in accordance with the Covid-19 treatment recommendations was found. Most sources of information on drugs and vitamins/supplements were obtained through health workers. There was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between the results of the Covid-19 detection test and the consumption of the drug favipiravir/avigan (p=0.015), this behavior was carried out by the majority of the Covid-19 positive group (75%).

Kata Kunci : pola penggunaan obat, perilaku masyarakat, Covid-19, pandemi