Pengaruh suplementasi besi dan vitamin C terhadap Perubahan asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan kadar hemoglobin anak sekolah di Kecamatan Selat Kabupaten Kapuas

SUHARTI, Wiwik, dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.Sc.D

2003 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang. Prevalensi anemia pada usia sekolah 57,1%. Anemia gizi besi terjadi akibat defisiensi zat gizi. Program pencegahan anemia gizi besi yaitu dengan suplementasi tablet besi. Defisiensi besi yang berlangsung lama dapat mempengaruhi asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui apakah suplementasi besi ditambah dengan vitamin C dapat meningkatkan asupan gizi, status gizi dan kadar hemoglobin anak sekolah dasar yang status gizinya kurang di Kecamatan Selat Kabupaten Kapuas. Metode. Jenis pnelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan Randomized Cotrol Trial. Subjek penelitian adalah anak sekolah usia 8-12 tahun. Kriteria inklusi indeks berat badan menurut tinggi badan skor-z <-1 SD Kriteria eksklusi anak dengan Hb<8 gr/dl dan anak perempuan yang sudah menstruasi. Suplementasi 60 mg besi elemental dan 30 mg vitamin C diberikan 1 kali seminggu selama 12 minggu. Analisis asupan zat gizi dengan program food prosessor. Analisis status gizi dengan epinut. Uji-t menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil. Suplementasi besi dan vitamin C dapat memberikan efek terhadap perubahan peningkatan asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan kadar hemoglobin anak sekolah dasar. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok suplementasi besi dan vitamin C dibanding kelompok plasebo p<0,001. Pada kelompok besi dan vitamin C, asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan kadar hemoglobin meningkat secara nermakna. Kelompok plasebo untuk asupan zat gizi dan kadar HB mengalami penurunan, tetapi status gizi meningkat, namun peningkatan lebih cepat pada kelompok besi dan vitamin C. Prevalensi anemia terjadi penurunan pada kedua kelompok perlakuan tetapi penurunan yang lebih cepat adalah pada kelompok besi dan vitamin C, sebesar 1 % dibanding plasebo. Kesimpualan. Suplementasi besi dan vitamin C adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan kadar Hb anak sekolah dasar.

Background: Anemia prevalence among school age is 57.1%. Iron nutritional anemia happens as a result of nutritional deficiency. Iron nutritional anemia prevention program is done by iron tablet supplementation. Iron deficiency going on for a long time may affect nutritional intake, nutritional status, and hemoglobin level. This study was aimed at finding out whether iron supplementation with vitamin C may increase nutritional intake, nutritional status and hemoglobin level of elementary school children with poor nutritional status in Selat sub-district, Kapuas regency. Methods: This was an experimental study using randomized control trial approach. The subjects were elementary school children aged 8-12 years old. The inclusive criteria was weight index according to height scored –z <-1 SD. The exclusive criteria was Hb<8 gr/dl and female children having had menstruation. Sixty-milligram elemental iron and 30 mg vitamin C supplementation was given once a week for 12 weeks. The analysis of nutritional intake was done using food processor program. The analysis of nutritional status was done using epinut. The t-test was done using SPSS program. Results: Iron supplement and vitamin C may affect the changing of nutritional intake, nutritional status, and hemoglobin level of elementary school children. The results showed that there was significant difference between the group with iron supplementation and vitamin C and that with placebo p<0.001. In the group of iron group and vitamin C, the nutritional intake, nutritional status and hemoglobin level increased. The placebo group underwent decrease in nutritional intake and Hb level, but its nutritional status increased. However, the increase was faster in the iron group and vitamin C. The anemia prevalence decreased in both treatment group but the decrease was faster in iron and vitamin-C group (1%) than the placebo group. Conclusion: Iron supplement and vitamin C was one of the ways to increase nutritional intake, nutritional status, and Hb level of elementary school children.

Kata Kunci : Gizi Anak,Suplementasi Besi dan Vitamin C