Pengaruh kredit P4K terhadap pendapatan dan pengeluaran keluarga petani di Kabupaten Grobogan

HELMY, Zahron, Dr.Ir. Slamet Hartono, MSc

2003 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian Pengaruh Kredit Proyek Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani- Nelayan Kecil (P4K) terhadap Pendapatan dan Pengeluaran Keluarga Petani (PNK), bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak program terhadap aspek pendidikan, kesehatan anggota keluarga maupun kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan PNK. Dan secara ekonomis penelitian juga bermaksud mengetahui dampak kredit terhadap volume usaha, pendapatan, konsumsi keluarga, serta terhadap kesempatan kerja dan distribusi pendapatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kabupaten Grobogan Jawa Tengah, terhadap 222 PNK, di 12 kecamatan, 42 desa dan 44 KPK peserta program P4K, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, model analisis regresi dan indeks gini serta indeks kemiskinan. Hasil penelitian secara deskriptif memperlihatkan terjadinya perbaikan yang cukup signifikan terhadap kondisi fisik dan lingkungan keluarga PNK peserta program P4K, yang ditunjukkan dari tingginya persentase anggota keluarga mengikuti jenjang pendidikan formal, tingginya persentase pemanfaatan sarana kesehatan dan perubahan prilaku PNK terhadap keikutsertaan dalam kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan di desanya. Berdasarkan perhitungan statistik diperoleh bahwa nilai kredit katagori rendah berpengaruh terhadap kesempatan kerja PNK (t-hit= 4,143), yang berdampak kepada pendapatan (t-hit=1,839). Tetapi nilai kredit katagori tinggi, penambahan kredit justru mengurangi kesempatan kerja PNK itu sendiri (t-hit= - 2,133). Hal ini disebabkan karena tidak terciptanya pasar, jaringan pemasaran maupun diversifikasi produk/usaha dari PNK. Adapun untuk nilai kredit katagori sedang, nilai kredit berpengaruh terhadap volume usaha (t-hit= 2,051), yang berdampak kepada konsumsi (t-hit=2,439). Sedangkan distribusi pendapatan PNK peserta P4K di kabupaten Grobogan diperoleh nilai (GC=0,32), berada dalam ketimpangan sedang (GC= 0.30 s.d 0.40), yang berarti pendapatan relatif kurang menyebar merata di setiap PNK peserta program P4K. Dan untuk kredit katagori sedang, nilai GC relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nilai kredit katagori rendah dan tinggi, yaitu sebesar (GC=0.35). Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa distribusi pendapatan untuk setiap PNK penerima kredit katagori sedang terdapat ketimpangan pendapatan cukup berarti, yang relatif lebih tinggi daripada PNK penerima nilai kredit katagori rendah maupun tinggi. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan standar kemiskinan wilayah Kabupaten Grobogan yang diukur berdasarkan pendapatan perkapita/bulan sebesar Rp. 74.007,-, diperoleh nilai 51,35% PNK penerima kredit masih berada dalam kondisi miskin, dengan tingkat ketimpangan terendah pada penerima kredit katagori tinggi sebesar PG=0,1801.

The research of credit affect for Rural Income Generation Project (RIGP) on Family Farmers (FFs) Income and expenditure is aimed to know program impact to educational aspect, family-member health and Small Fisherman- Farmers (SFFs) community social activity. And economically the research also have purpose to know credit impact on venture volume, income, family consumption, as well on employment and income distribution. The research is conducted in Grobogan District Central Java, on 222 SFFs, in 12 sub-districts, 42 villages, and 44 Small Farmer Groups (SFGs) of RIGP program participant, by using descriptive analysis, regression analysis model, and Gini index as well poverty index. The research result shows descriptively occurred significant quite improvement for physical condition and SFFs family environment of RIGP program participant, which shown by the higher family-member percentage following forma l education level, higher utility percentage of health facility and SFFs behaviour change for participating in community social activity in their village. Based on statistical calculation it is obtained that low category credit value impact on SFFs employment (t-cal=4.143), which have impact on income (tcal= 1.839). But high category credit value, the credit addition even reducing SFFs employment itself (t-cal=2.133). This is caused by for uncreating market, marketing network and product/venture diversification from SFFs. For middle category credit value, credit value affect on venture volume (t-cal=2.051), which has impact on consumption (t-cal=2.439). While SFFs income distribution of RIGP participant in Grobogan District it is obtained value (GC=0.32), be in middle inequality (GC=0.30 to 0.40), which means that relative income less spread unaveragely in each SFFs program participant. And for middle category credit, GC value is relative higher compared to high and low category credit value, namely as large as (GC=0.35). This value shows that income distribution for each SFFs of middle category credit receiver exists significant quite income inequality, which relative higher than high and low category credit value receiver SFFs. Furthermore, based on poverty standard of Grobogan District which measured based on income per capita/month as large as Rp. 74,007,- it has been achieved value 51,35% credit receiver SFFs still be in poor condition, with the lowest inequality level on high category credit receiver as large as PG=0,1801.

Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Pertanian,Pendapatan Petani,Kredit P4K, RIGP credit affect, income distribution, poverty inequality.