PERANCANGAN SISTEM HVAC DI CENTRAL CONTROL ROOM BUILDING

WIKRAMA WARDANA, Ir. Joko Waluyo, M.T., Ph.D., IPM

2022 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK MESIN

Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) System merupakan sistem yang harus dimiliki oleh sebuah industri, perkantoran, mall, dan gedung-gedung dalam mendukung kenyamanan udara untuk penghuni, pengunjung, mesin, peralatan, maupun lingkungan yang membutuhkan perlakuan khusus. Kenyamanan udara tersebut berupa pengontrolan kondisi udara yang meliputi suhu, kelembaban udara, sirkulasi udara, dan kualitas udara bersih pada sistem tata udara di dalam gedung. Komponen paling dasar pada sistem HVAC diantaranya evaporator, kompresor, katup ekspansi, dan kondensor. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan sistem HVAC pada central control room yang meliputi perhitungan beban pendinginan dan perancangan alat penukar kalor (evaporator dan kondensor). Sementara kompresor dan katup ekspansi dipilih sesuai dengan kebutuhan kerja dalam sistem HVAC. Tipe alat penukar kalor yang dirancang berupa continuous plain finned tube dengan susunan staggered tube. Perancangan alat penukar kalor dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungan termal dan mekanikal. Hasil perhitungan beban pendinginan dalam central control room sebesar 54,34 kW. Dimensi evaporator dari hasil perancangan termal diantaranya panjang, lebar, dan tinggi yakni sebesar 2640 mm, 154 mm, dan 1320 mm. Sedangkan dimensi kondensor dari hasil perancangan termal diantaranya panjang 1689 mm, lebar 154 mm, dan tinggi 845 mm. Sementara itu hasil perancangan mekanikal dari evaporator dan kondensor sama yakni ketebalan fin 0,075 dan ketebalan cap sheets 1 mm. Kompresor dan katup ekspansi yang digunakan dalam perancangan sistem HVAC yaitu kompresor reciprocating dan katup ekspansi thermostatic.

Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) is a system that must be owned by the industries, offices, malls, and buildings in supporting air comfort for residents, visitors, machines, equipments, and environments that requires special treatment. The air comfort is forming of controlling air conditions which includes temperature, humidity, air circulation, and clean air quality in the air conditioning system in the building. The most basic components of an HVAC system include the evaporator, compressor, expansion valve, and condenser. In this study, the design of the HVAC system in the central control room was carried out which included the calculation of the cooling load and the design of heat exchangers (evaporators and condensers). While the compressor and expansion valve are selected according to the working needs in the HVAC system. The type of heat exchanger is designed in the form of a continuous plain finned tube with a staggered tube arrangement. The design of heat exchangers is carried out on the basis of thermal and mechanical calculations. The result of the cooling load calculation in the central control room is 54.34 kW. The dimensions of the evaporator from the results of thermal design include length, width, and height, namely 2640 mm, 154 mm, and 1320 mm. While the condenser dimensions of the thermal design results include a length of 1689 mm, a width of 154 mm, and a height of 845 mm. Meanwhile, the mechanical design results of the evaporator and condenser are the same, namely a fin thickness of 0.075 and a cap sheets thickness of 1 mm. The compressors and expansion valves used in the design of the HVAC system are reciprocating compressors and thermostatic expansion valves.

Kata Kunci : HVAC, Design, Cooling Load, Evaporator, Condenser.